Mercurial > code
annotate modules/dynlib/dynlib.hpp @ 566:72390061044d
Net: improve documentation a bit
| author | David Demelier <markand@malikania.fr> |
|---|---|
| date | Fri, 24 Jun 2016 13:00:35 +0200 |
| parents | 5725e2d2ab4c |
| children | 943d07fbe352 |
| rev | line source |
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| 518 | 1 /* |
| 2 * dynlib.hpp -- portable shared library loader | |
| 3 * | |
| 4 * Copyright (c) 2013-2016 David Demelier <markand@malikania.fr> | |
| 5 * | |
| 6 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any | |
| 7 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above | |
| 8 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. | |
| 9 * | |
| 10 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES | |
| 11 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |
| 12 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR | |
| 13 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES | |
| 14 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN | |
| 15 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF | |
| 16 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. | |
| 17 */ | |
| 18 | |
| 19 #ifndef DYNLIB_HPP | |
| 20 #define DYNLIB_HPP | |
| 21 | |
| 22 /** | |
| 23 * \file dynlib.hpp | |
| 24 * \brief Portable shared library loader. | |
| 25 * \author David Demelier <markand@malikania.fr> | |
| 26 */ | |
| 27 | |
| 28 /** | |
| 29 * \page Dynlib Dynlib | |
| 30 * \brief Portable shared library loader. | |
| 31 * | |
| 32 * The dynlib module let you open shared libraries dynamically at runtime. | |
| 33 * | |
| 34 * ## Operating system support | |
| 35 * | |
| 36 * | System | Support | Remarks | | |
| 37 * |---------|---------|--------------------| | |
| 38 * | Apple | Ok | | | |
| 39 * | FreeBSD | Ok | | | |
| 40 * | Linux | Ok | Needs -ldl library | | |
| 41 * | Windows | Ok | | | |
| 42 * | |
| 43 * ## How to export symbols | |
| 44 * | |
| 45 * When you want to dynamically load symbols from your shared library, make sure they are in a `extern "C"` block, if | |
| 46 * not they will be [mangled][name-mangling]. | |
| 47 * | |
| 48 * Note, this does not mean that you can't write C++ code, it just mean that you can't use namespaces and function | |
| 49 * overloading. | |
| 50 * | |
| 51 * Example of **plugin.cpp**: | |
| 52 * | |
| 53 * ````cpp | |
| 54 * #include <iostream> | |
| 55 * | |
| 56 * #include "dynlib.hpp" | |
| 57 * | |
| 58 * extern "C" { | |
| 59 * | |
| 60 * DYNLIB_EXPORT void plugin_load() | |
| 61 * { | |
| 62 * std::cout << "Loading plugin" << std::endl; | |
| 63 * } | |
| 64 * | |
| 65 * DYNLIB_EXPORT void plugin_unload() | |
| 66 * { | |
| 67 * std::cout << "Unloading plugin" << std::endl; | |
| 68 * } | |
| 69 * | |
| 70 * } | |
| 71 * ```` | |
| 72 * | |
| 73 * The \ref DYNLIB_EXPORT macro is necessary on some platforms to be sure that symbol will be visible. Make sure you always | |
| 74 * add it before any function. | |
| 75 * | |
| 76 * To compile, see your compiler documentation or build system. For gcc you can use the following: | |
| 77 * | |
| 78 * ```` | |
| 79 * gcc -std=c++14 -shared plugin.cpp -o plugin.so | |
| 80 * ```` | |
| 81 * | |
| 82 * ## How to load the library | |
| 83 * | |
| 84 * The dynlib module will search for the library in various places, thus you can use relative paths names but be sure | |
| 85 * that the library can be found. Otherwise, just use an absolute path to the file. | |
| 86 * | |
| 87 * ````cpp | |
| 88 * #include <iostream> | |
| 89 * | |
| 90 * #include "dynlib.hpp" | |
| 91 * | |
| 92 * int main() | |
| 93 * { | |
| 94 * try { | |
| 95 * Dynlib dso("./plugin" DYNLIB_SUFFIX); | |
| 96 * } catch (const std::exception &ex) { | |
| 97 * std::cerr << ex.what() << std::endl; | |
| 98 * } | |
| 99 * | |
| 100 * return 0; | |
| 101 * } | |
| 102 * ```` | |
| 103 * | |
| 104 * ## How to load symbol | |
| 105 * | |
| 106 * The last part is symbol loading, you muse use raw C function pointer and the Dynlib::sym function. | |
| 107 * | |
| 108 * ````cpp | |
| 109 * #include <iostream> | |
| 110 * | |
| 111 * #include "dynlib.hpp" | |
| 112 * | |
| 113 * using PluginLoad = void (*)(); | |
| 114 * using PluginUnload = void (*)(); | |
| 115 * | |
| 116 * int main() | |
| 117 * { | |
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118 * try { |
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119 * Dynlib dso("./plugin" DYNLIB_SUFFIX); |
| 518 | 120 * |
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121 * dso.require<PluginLoad>("plugin_load")(); |
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122 * dso.require<PluginUnload>("plugin_unload")(); |
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123 * } catch (const std::exception &ex) { |
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124 * std::cerr << ex.what() << std::endl; |
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125 * } |
| 518 | 126 * |
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127 * return 0; |
| 518 | 128 * } |
| 129 * ```` | |
| 130 * | |
| 131 * [name-mangling]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_mangling | |
| 132 */ | |
| 133 | |
| 134 #include <stdexcept> | |
| 135 #include <string> | |
| 136 | |
| 137 #if defined(_WIN32) | |
| 138 # include <Windows.h> | |
| 139 #else | |
| 140 # include <dlfcn.h> | |
| 141 #endif | |
| 142 | |
| 143 /** | |
| 144 * \brief Export the symbol. | |
| 145 * | |
| 146 * This is required on some platforms and you should put it before your function signature. | |
| 147 * | |
| 148 * \code{.cpp} | |
| 149 * extern "C" { | |
| 150 * | |
| 151 * DYNLIB_EXPORT void my_function() | |
| 152 * { | |
| 153 * } | |
| 154 * | |
| 155 * } | |
| 156 * \endcode | |
| 157 */ | |
| 158 #if defined(_WIN32) | |
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159 # define DYNLIB_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport) |
| 518 | 160 #else |
| 161 # define DYNLIB_EXPORT | |
| 162 #endif | |
| 163 | |
| 164 /** | |
| 165 * \brief Usual suffix for the library. | |
| 166 * | |
| 167 * This macro expands to the suffix convention for this platform. | |
| 168 * | |
| 169 * \code{.cpp} | |
| 170 * Dynlib library("./myplugin" DYNLIB_SUFFIX); | |
| 171 * \endcode | |
| 172 * | |
| 173 * \note Don't use the suffix expanded value shown in Doxygen as it may be wrong. | |
| 174 */ | |
| 175 #if defined(_WIN32) | |
| 176 # define DYNLIB_SUFFIX ".dll" | |
| 177 #elif defined(__APPLE__) | |
| 178 # define DYNLIB_SUFFIX ".dylib" | |
| 179 #else | |
| 180 # define DYNLIB_SUFFIX ".so" | |
| 181 #endif | |
| 182 | |
| 183 /** | |
| 184 * \class Dynlib | |
| 185 * \brief Load a dynamic module. | |
| 186 * | |
| 187 * This class is a portable wrapper to load shared libraries on supported systems. | |
| 188 */ | |
| 189 class Dynlib { | |
| 190 private: | |
| 191 #if defined(_WIN32) | |
| 557 | 192 using Handle = HMODULE; |
| 193 using Sym = FARPROC; | |
| 518 | 194 #else |
| 557 | 195 using Handle = void *; |
| 196 using Sym = void *; | |
| 518 | 197 #endif |
| 198 | |
| 199 public: | |
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200 /** |
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201 * \brief Policy for symbol resolution. |
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202 */ |
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203 enum Policy { |
| 557 | 204 Immediately, //!< load symbols immediately |
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205 Lazy //!< load symbols when needed |
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206 }; |
| 518 | 207 |
| 208 private: | |
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209 Handle m_handle; |
| 518 | 210 |
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211 Dynlib(const Dynlib &) = delete; |
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212 Dynlib &operator=(const Dynlib &) = delete; |
| 518 | 213 |
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214 Dynlib(Dynlib &&) = delete; |
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215 Dynlib &operator=(Dynlib &&) = delete; |
| 518 | 216 |
| 217 #if defined(_WIN32) | |
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218 std::string error() |
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219 { |
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220 LPSTR error = nullptr; |
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221 std::string errmsg; |
| 518 | 222 |
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223 FormatMessageA( |
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224 FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, |
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225 NULL, |
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226 GetLastError(), |
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227 MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), |
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228 (LPSTR)&error, 0, NULL); |
| 518 | 229 |
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230 if (error) { |
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231 errmsg = std::string(error); |
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232 LocalFree(error); |
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233 } |
| 518 | 234 |
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235 return errmsg; |
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236 } |
| 518 | 237 #endif |
| 238 | |
| 239 public: | |
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240 /** |
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241 * Constructor to load a shared module. |
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242 * |
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243 * \param path the absolute path |
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244 * \param policy the policy to load |
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245 * \throw std::runtime_error on error |
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246 */ |
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247 Dynlib(const std::string &path, Policy policy = Immediately); |
| 518 | 248 |
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249 /** |
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250 * Close the library automatically. |
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251 */ |
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252 ~Dynlib(); |
| 518 | 253 |
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254 /** |
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255 * Get a symbol from the library. |
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256 * |
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257 * \param name the symbol |
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258 * \return the symbol |
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259 * \throw std::out_of_range on error |
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260 * \see DYNLIB_EXPORT |
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261 */ |
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262 template <typename T> |
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263 inline T require(const std::string &name) |
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264 { |
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265 auto sym = get<T>(name); |
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266 |
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267 if (!sym) |
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268 throw std::out_of_range(name + ": symbol not found"); |
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269 |
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270 return sym; |
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271 } |
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272 |
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273 /** |
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274 * Get a symbol from the library or return nullptr if not found. |
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275 * |
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276 * \param name the symbol |
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277 * \return the symbol |
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278 */ |
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279 template <typename T> |
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280 T get(const std::string &name) noexcept; |
| 518 | 281 }; |
| 282 | |
| 283 #if defined(_WIN32) | |
| 284 | |
| 285 /* | |
| 286 * Windows implementation | |
| 287 * ------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
| 288 */ | |
| 289 | |
| 290 inline Dynlib::Dynlib(const std::string &path, Policy) | |
| 291 { | |
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292 m_handle = LoadLibraryA(path.c_str()); |
| 518 | 293 |
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294 if (m_handle == nullptr) |
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295 throw std::runtime_error(error()); |
| 518 | 296 } |
| 297 | |
| 298 inline Dynlib::~Dynlib() | |
| 299 { | |
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300 FreeLibrary(m_handle); |
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301 m_handle = nullptr; |
| 518 | 302 } |
| 303 | |
| 304 template <typename T> | |
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305 inline T Dynlib::get(const std::string &name) noexcept |
| 518 | 306 { |
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307 return reinterpret_cast<T>(GetProcAddress(m_handle, name.c_str())); |
| 518 | 308 } |
| 309 | |
| 310 #else | |
| 311 | |
| 312 /* | |
| 313 * Unix implementation | |
| 314 * ------------------------------------------------------------------ | |
| 315 */ | |
| 316 | |
| 317 inline Dynlib::Dynlib(const std::string &path, Policy policy) | |
| 318 { | |
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319 m_handle = dlopen(path.c_str(), policy == Immediately ? RTLD_NOW : RTLD_LAZY); |
| 518 | 320 |
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321 if (m_handle == nullptr) |
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322 throw std::runtime_error(dlerror()); |
| 518 | 323 } |
| 324 | |
| 325 inline Dynlib::~Dynlib() | |
| 326 { | |
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327 dlclose(m_handle); |
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328 m_handle = nullptr; |
| 518 | 329 } |
| 330 | |
| 331 template <typename T> | |
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332 inline T Dynlib::get(const std::string &name) noexcept |
| 518 | 333 { |
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334 return reinterpret_cast<T>(dlsym(m_handle, name.c_str())); |
| 518 | 335 } |
| 336 | |
| 337 #endif | |
| 338 | |
| 339 #endif // !DYNLIB_HPP |