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Tools: implement basic mlk-map, closes #620
author David Demelier <markand@malikania.fr>
date Tue, 31 Jan 2017 11:23:21 +0100
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children 4b292c20124c
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86
cbdd3302998c Tools: implement basic mlk-map, closes #620
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1 /*
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2 * base64.hpp -- base64 encoding and decoding
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3 *
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4 * Copyright (c) 2013-2017 David Demelier <markand@malikania.fr>
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5 *
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6 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
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7 * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
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8 * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
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9 *
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10 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
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11 * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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12 * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
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13 * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
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14 * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
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15 * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
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16 * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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17 */
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18
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19 #ifndef MALIKANIA_BASE64_HPP
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20 #define MALIKANIA_BASE64_HPP
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21
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22 /**
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23 * \file base64.hpp
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24 * \brief Base64 encoding and decoding.
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25 * \author David Demelier <markand@malikania.fr>
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26 * \version 2.0.0-dev
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27 */
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28
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29 /**
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30 * \page Base64 Base64
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31 * \brief Base64 encoding and decoding.
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32 *
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33 * The %base64 library let you encode and decode %base64 data from std::string
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34 * and iterators.
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35 *
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36 * ## Encoding
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37 *
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38 * You can encode like this:
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39 *
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40 * ````cpp
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41 * std::string b64 = base64::encode("Hello world!");
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42 * ````
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43 *
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44 * ## Decoding
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45 *
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46 * And you can decode like this:
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47 *
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48 * ````
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49 * try {
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50 * std::string text = base64::decode(msg);
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51 * } catch (const std::exception &ex) {
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52 * std::cerr << ex.what() << std::endl;
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53 * }
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54 * ````
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55 */
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56
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57 #include <cassert>
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58 #include <cctype>
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59 #include <stdexcept>
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60 #include <string>
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61
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62 namespace mlk {
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63
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64 /**
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65 * \brief main %base64 namespace.
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66 */
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67 namespace base64 {
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68
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69 /**
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70 * Check if the character is a %base64 character, A-Za-z0-9 and +/.
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71 *
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72 * \param ch the character to test
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73 * \return true if valid
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74 */
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75 inline bool is_base64(char ch) noexcept
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76 {
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77 return std::isalnum(ch) != 0 || ch == '+' || ch == '/';
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78 }
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79
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80 /**
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81 * Check if the given character is a valid character in %base64 string,
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82 * including '='.
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83 *
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84 * \param ch the character
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85 * \return true if the character is valid
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86 */
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87 inline bool is_valid(char ch) noexcept
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88 {
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89 return is_base64(ch) || ch == '=';
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90 }
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91
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92 /**
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93 * Get the %base64 character from the 6-bits value.
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94 *
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95 * \pre value must be valid (< 64)
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96 * \param value the value
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97 * \return the %base64 character for value
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98 */
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99 inline char lookup(unsigned char value) noexcept
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100 {
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101 static const char *table = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
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102
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103 assert(value < 64);
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104
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105 return table[value];
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106 }
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107
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108 /**
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109 * Get the integer value from the %base64 character.
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110 *
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111 * \pre is_base64(ch)
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112 * \param ch the %base64 character
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113 * \return the integer value for the %base64 character ch
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114 * ````
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115 * auto b64 = base64::rlookup('D') // 3
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116 * ````
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117 */
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118 inline unsigned char rlookup(char ch) noexcept
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119 {
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120 assert(is_base64(ch));
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121
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122 if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
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123 return static_cast<unsigned char>(ch + 4);
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124 if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')
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125 return static_cast<unsigned char>(ch - 65);
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126 if (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z')
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127 return static_cast<unsigned char>(ch - 71);
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128
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129 return (ch == '+') ? 62U : 63U;
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130 }
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131
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132 /**
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133 * Encode the input to the output.
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134 *
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135 * Requirements:
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136 * - **InputIt** must be [InputIterator](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/InputIterator)
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137 * - **OutputIt** must be [OutputIterator](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/OutputIterator)
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138 *
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139 * \param input the beginning
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140 * \param end the end of the data
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141 * \param output the output destination
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142 * \return output
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143 */
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144 template <typename InputIt, typename OutputIt>
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145 OutputIt encode(InputIt input, InputIt end, OutputIt output)
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146 {
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147 while (input != end) {
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148 char inputbuf[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };
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149 int count;
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150
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151 for (count = 0; count < 3 && input != end; ++count)
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152 inputbuf[count] = *input++;
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153
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154 *output++ = lookup(inputbuf[0] >> 2 & 0x3f);
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155 *output++ = lookup((inputbuf[0] << 4 & 0x3f) | (inputbuf[1] >> 4 & 0x0f));
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156 *output++ = (count < 2) ? '=' : lookup((inputbuf[1] << 2 & 0x3c) | (inputbuf[2] >> 6 & 0x03));
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157 *output++ = (count < 3) ? '=' : lookup(inputbuf[2] & 0x3f);
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158 }
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159
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160 return output;
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161 }
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162
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163 /**
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164 * Decode the input to the output.
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165 *
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166 * Requirements:
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167 * - **InputIt** must be [InputIterator](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/InputIterator)
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168 * - **OutputIt** must be [OutputIterator](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/concept/OutputIterator)
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169 *
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170 * \param input the beginning
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171 * \param end the end of the data
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172 * \param output the output destination
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173 * \return output
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174 * \throw std::invalid_argument on bad %base64 string
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175 */
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176 template <typename InputIt, typename OutputIt>
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177 OutputIt decode(InputIt input, InputIt end, OutputIt output)
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178 {
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179 while (input != end) {
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180 char inputbuf[4] = { -1, -1, -1, -1 };
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181 int count;
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182
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183 for (count = 0; count < 4 && input != end; ++count) {
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184 // Check if the character is valid and get its value.
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185 if ((*input == '=' && count <= 1) || !is_valid(*input))
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186 throw std::invalid_argument("invalid base64 string");
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187 if (is_base64(*input))
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188 inputbuf[count] = static_cast<char>(rlookup(*input));
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189
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190 input++;
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191 }
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192
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193 if (count != 4)
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194 throw std::invalid_argument("truncated string");
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195
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196 *output++ = static_cast<char>(((inputbuf[0] << 2) & 0xfc) | ((inputbuf[1] >> 4) & 0x03));
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197
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198 if (inputbuf[2] != -1)
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199 *output++ = static_cast<char>(((inputbuf[1] << 4) & 0xf0) | ((inputbuf[2] >> 2) & 0x0f));
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200 if (inputbuf[3] != -1) {
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201 // "XY=Z" is not allowed.
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202 if (inputbuf[2] == -1)
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203 throw std::invalid_argument("invalid base64 string");
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204
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205 *output++ = static_cast<char>(((inputbuf[2] << 6) & 0xc0) | (inputbuf[3] & 0x3f));
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206 }
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207 }
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208
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209 return output;
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210 }
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211
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212 /**
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213 * Encode a string.
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214 *
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215 * \param input the input string
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216 * \return the %base64 formatted string
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217 */
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218 inline std::string encode(const std::string &input)
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219 {
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220 std::string result;
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221
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222 encode(input.begin(), input.end(), std::back_inserter(result));
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223
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224 return result;
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225 }
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226
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227 /**
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228 * Decode a string.
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229 *
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230 * \param input the %base64 formatted string
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231 * \return the original string
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232 * \throw std::invalid_argument on bad %base64 string
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233 */
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234 inline std::string decode(const std::string &input)
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235 {
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236 std::string result;
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237
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238 decode(input.begin(), input.end(), std::back_inserter(result));
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239
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240 return result;
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241 }
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242
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243 } // !base64
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244
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245 } // !mlk
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246
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247 #endif // !MALIKANIA_BASE64_HPP