--- a/client/main.cpp	Wed Sep 27 12:38:40 2017 +0200
+++ b/client/main.cpp	Wed Sep 27 12:52:36 2017 +0200
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     auto f = std::make_unique<mlk::client::frame>(std::move(l));
 
     w.add_frame(std::move(f));
+    w.start_edit();
 
     while (w.is_open()) {
         w.poll();

--- a/libclient/malikania/client/backend/sdl/window_backend.cpp	Wed Sep 27 12:38:40 2017 +0200
+++ b/libclient/malikania/client/backend/sdl/window_backend.cpp	Wed Sep 27 12:52:36 2017 +0200
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "line.hpp"
 #include "point.hpp"
 #include "rectangle.hpp"
+#include "unicode.hpp"
 #include "window_backend.hpp"
 #include "window.hpp"
 
@@ -391,6 +392,13 @@
     self.handle_mouse_wheel(wev);
 }
 
+void window::backend_impl::handle_text(window& self, const SDL_Event& ev)
+{
+    assert(ev.type == SDL_TEXTINPUT);
+
+    self.handle_text_event({unicode::to_utf32(ev.text.text)});
+}
+
 window::backend_impl::backend_impl(window&, unsigned width, unsigned height, const std::string& title)
     : m_window(nullptr, nullptr)
     , m_renderer(nullptr, nullptr)
@@ -612,6 +620,16 @@
 {
 }
 
+void window::backend_impl::start_edit()
+{
+    SDL_StartTextInput();
+}
+
+void window::backend_impl::stop_edit()
+{
+    SDL_StopTextInput();
+}
+
 void window::backend_impl::poll(window& self)
 {
     SDL_Event event;
@@ -629,6 +647,9 @@
         case SDL_MOUSEWHEEL:
             handle_mouse_wheel(self, event);
             break;
+        case SDL_TEXTINPUT:
+            handle_text(self, event);
+            break;
         case SDL_QUIT:
             self.handle_quit();
             break;

--- a/libclient/malikania/client/backend/sdl/window_backend.hpp	Wed Sep 27 12:38:40 2017 +0200
+++ b/libclient/malikania/client/backend/sdl/window_backend.hpp	Wed Sep 27 12:52:36 2017 +0200
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     void handle_key(window&, const SDL_Event&);
     void handle_mouse(window&, const SDL_Event&);
     void handle_mouse_wheel(window&, const SDL_Event&);
+    void handle_text(window&, const SDL_Event&);
 
 public:
     backend_impl(window& self, unsigned width, unsigned height, const std::string& title);
@@ -47,6 +48,10 @@
         return m_renderer.get();
     }
 
+    void start_edit();
+
+    void stop_edit();
+
     void close();
 
     void clear();

--- a/libclient/malikania/client/dispatcher.hpp	Wed Sep 27 12:38:40 2017 +0200
+++ b/libclient/malikania/client/dispatcher.hpp	Wed Sep 27 12:52:36 2017 +0200
@@ -68,6 +68,14 @@
 };
 
 /**
+ * \brief Describe text edition event.
+ */
+class text_event {
+public:
+    std::u32string text;                //!< text added from this event
+};
+
+/**
  * \brief Client event dispatcher.
  */
 class dispatcher {
@@ -133,6 +141,16 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Text editing event.
+     *
+     * \param ev the event
+     */
+    virtual void handle_text_event(const text_event& ev)
+    {
+        (void)ev;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Quit request.
      */
     virtual void handle_quit()

--- a/libclient/malikania/client/window.cpp	Wed Sep 27 12:38:40 2017 +0200
+++ b/libclient/malikania/client/window.cpp	Wed Sep 27 12:52:36 2017 +0200
@@ -52,6 +52,22 @@
 
 window::~window() noexcept = default;
 
+void window::start_edit()
+{
+    if (!is_editing_) {
+        backend_->start_edit();
+        is_editing_ = true;
+    }
+}
+
+void window::stop_edit()
+{
+    if (is_editing_) {
+        backend_->stop_edit();
+        is_editing_ = false;
+    }
+}
+
 void window::clear()
 {
     backend_->clear();

--- a/libclient/malikania/client/window.hpp	Wed Sep 27 12:38:40 2017 +0200
+++ b/libclient/malikania/client/window.hpp	Wed Sep 27 12:52:36 2017 +0200
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 /**
  * \brief Main window class and drawing.
  */
-class window {
+class window : public dispatcher {
 private:
     class backend_impl;
 
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
     std::unordered_set<std::shared_ptr<frame>> frames_;
 
     bool is_open_{true};
+    bool is_editing_{false};
 
     bool is_frame_bound(frame&, const point&) noexcept;
 
@@ -95,6 +96,22 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Start editing input.
+     *
+     * \note may open a visual keyboard on some platforms
+     * \note can safely be called multiple times
+     */
+    void start_edit();
+
+    /**
+     * Stop editing input.
+     *
+     * \note may close the visual keyboard on some platforms
+     * \note can safely be called multiple times
+     */
+    void stop_edit();
+
+    /**
      * Get the underlying backend.
      *
      * \return the backend
@@ -266,44 +283,34 @@
     void poll();
 
     /**
-     * Key down event.
-     *
-     * \param ev the event
+     * \copydoc dispatcher::handle_key_down
      */
-    virtual void handle_key_down(const key_event& ev);
+    void handle_key_down(const key_event& ev) override;
 
     /**
-     * Key released event.
-     *
-     * \param ev the event
+     * \copydoc dispatcher::handle_key_up
      */
-    virtual void handle_key_up(const key_event& ev);
+    void handle_key_up(const key_event& ev) override;
 
     /**
-     * Mouse click event.
-     *
-     * \param ev the event
+     * \copydoc dispatcher::handle_mouse_down
      */
-    virtual void handle_mouse_down(const mouse_click_event& ev);
+    void handle_mouse_down(const mouse_click_event& ev) override;
 
     /**
-     * Mouse click release event.
-     *
-     * \param ev the event
+     * \copydoc dispatcher::handle_mouse_up
      */
-    virtual void handle_mouse_up(const mouse_click_event& ev);
+    void handle_mouse_up(const mouse_click_event& ev) override;
 
     /**
-     * Mouse wheel event.
-     *
-     * \param ev the event
+     * \copydoc dispatcher::handle_mouse_wheel
      */
-    virtual void handle_mouse_wheel(const mouse_wheel_event& ev);
+    void handle_mouse_wheel(const mouse_wheel_event& ev) override;
 
     /**
-     * Quit request.
+     * \copydoc dispatcher::handle_quit
      */
-    virtual void handle_quit();
+    void handle_quit() override;
 
     /**
      * Move assigment operator defaulted.

--- a/libcommon/CMakeLists.txt	Wed Sep 27 12:38:40 2017 +0200
+++ b/libcommon/CMakeLists.txt	Wed Sep 27 12:52:36 2017 +0200
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
     ${libmlk-common_SOURCE_DIR}/malikania/locator.hpp
     ${libmlk-common_SOURCE_DIR}/malikania/size.hpp
     ${libmlk-common_SOURCE_DIR}/malikania/tileset.hpp
+    ${libmlk-common_SOURCE_DIR}/malikania/unicode.hpp
     ${libmlk-common_SOURCE_DIR}/malikania/util.hpp
     ${libmlk-common_SOURCE_DIR}/malikania/weak_array.hpp
 )
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@
     SOURCES
     ${libmlk-common_SOURCE_DIR}/malikania/loader.cpp
     ${libmlk-common_SOURCE_DIR}/malikania/locator.cpp
+    ${libmlk-common_SOURCE_DIR}/malikania/unicode.cpp
     ${libmlk-common_SOURCE_DIR}/malikania/util.cpp
 )
 

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/libcommon/malikania/unicode.cpp	Wed Sep 27 12:52:36 2017 +0200
@@ -0,0 +1,4796 @@
+/*
+ * unicode.cpp -- UTF-8 to UTF-32 conversions and various operations
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-2017 David Demelier <markand@malikania.fr>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "unicode.hpp"
+
+/*
+ * The following code has been generated from Go mkrunetype adapted to our
+ * needs.
+ */
+
+namespace mlk {
+
+namespace unicode {
+
+#define nelem(x) (sizeof (x) / sizeof ((x)[0]))
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t *rbsearch(char32_t c, const char32_t* t, int n, int ne) noexcept
+{
+    const char32_t* p;
+    int m;
+
+    while (n > 1) {
+        m = n >> 1;
+        p = t + m * ne;
+
+        if (c >= p[0]) {
+            t = p;
+            n = n - m;
+        } else
+            n = m;
+    }
+
+    if (n && c >= t[0])
+        return t;
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+} // !namespace
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t isspacer[] = {
+    0x0009, 0x000d,
+    0x0020, 0x0020,
+    0x0085, 0x0085,
+    0x00a0, 0x00a0,
+    0x1680, 0x1680,
+    0x2000, 0x200a,
+    0x2028, 0x2029,
+    0x202f, 0x202f,
+    0x205f, 0x205f,
+    0x3000, 0x3000,
+    0xfeff, 0xfeff,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+bool isspace(char32_t c) noexcept
+{
+    const char32_t* p;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, isspacer, nelem (isspacer) / 2, 2);
+
+    if (p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+        return true;
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t isdigitr[] = {
+    0x0030, 0x0039,
+    0x0660, 0x0669,
+    0x06f0, 0x06f9,
+    0x07c0, 0x07c9,
+    0x0966, 0x096f,
+    0x09e6, 0x09ef,
+    0x0a66, 0x0a6f,
+    0x0ae6, 0x0aef,
+    0x0b66, 0x0b6f,
+    0x0be6, 0x0bef,
+    0x0c66, 0x0c6f,
+    0x0ce6, 0x0cef,
+    0x0d66, 0x0d6f,
+    0x0de6, 0x0def,
+    0x0e50, 0x0e59,
+    0x0ed0, 0x0ed9,
+    0x0f20, 0x0f29,
+    0x1040, 0x1049,
+    0x1090, 0x1099,
+    0x17e0, 0x17e9,
+    0x1810, 0x1819,
+    0x1946, 0x194f,
+    0x19d0, 0x19d9,
+    0x1a80, 0x1a89,
+    0x1a90, 0x1a99,
+    0x1b50, 0x1b59,
+    0x1bb0, 0x1bb9,
+    0x1c40, 0x1c49,
+    0x1c50, 0x1c59,
+    0xa620, 0xa629,
+    0xa8d0, 0xa8d9,
+    0xa900, 0xa909,
+    0xa9d0, 0xa9d9,
+    0xa9f0, 0xa9f9,
+    0xaa50, 0xaa59,
+    0xabf0, 0xabf9,
+    0xff10, 0xff19,
+    0x104a0, 0x104a9,
+    0x11066, 0x1106f,
+    0x110f0, 0x110f9,
+    0x11136, 0x1113f,
+    0x111d0, 0x111d9,
+    0x112f0, 0x112f9,
+    0x114d0, 0x114d9,
+    0x11650, 0x11659,
+    0x116c0, 0x116c9,
+    0x118e0, 0x118e9,
+    0x16a60, 0x16a69,
+    0x16b50, 0x16b59,
+    0x1d7ce, 0x1d7ff,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+bool isdigit(char32_t c) noexcept
+{
+    const char32_t* p;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, isdigitr, nelem (isdigitr) / 2, 2);
+
+    if (p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+        return true;
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t isalphar[] = {
+    0x0041, 0x005a,
+    0x0061, 0x007a,
+    0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+    0x00d8, 0x00f6,
+    0x00f8, 0x02c1,
+    0x02c6, 0x02d1,
+    0x02e0, 0x02e4,
+    0x0370, 0x0374,
+    0x0376, 0x0377,
+    0x037a, 0x037d,
+    0x0388, 0x038a,
+    0x038e, 0x03a1,
+    0x03a3, 0x03f5,
+    0x03f7, 0x0481,
+    0x048a, 0x052f,
+    0x0531, 0x0556,
+    0x0561, 0x0587,
+    0x05d0, 0x05ea,
+    0x05f0, 0x05f2,
+    0x0620, 0x064a,
+    0x066e, 0x066f,
+    0x0671, 0x06d3,
+    0x06e5, 0x06e6,
+    0x06ee, 0x06ef,
+    0x06fa, 0x06fc,
+    0x0712, 0x072f,
+    0x074d, 0x07a5,
+    0x07ca, 0x07ea,
+    0x07f4, 0x07f5,
+    0x0800, 0x0815,
+    0x0840, 0x0858,
+    0x08a0, 0x08b2,
+    0x0904, 0x0939,
+    0x0958, 0x0961,
+    0x0971, 0x0980,
+    0x0985, 0x098c,
+    0x098f, 0x0990,
+    0x0993, 0x09a8,
+    0x09aa, 0x09b0,
+    0x09b6, 0x09b9,
+    0x09dc, 0x09dd,
+    0x09df, 0x09e1,
+    0x09f0, 0x09f1,
+    0x0a05, 0x0a0a,
+    0x0a0f, 0x0a10,
+    0x0a13, 0x0a28,
+    0x0a2a, 0x0a30,
+    0x0a32, 0x0a33,
+    0x0a35, 0x0a36,
+    0x0a38, 0x0a39,
+    0x0a59, 0x0a5c,
+    0x0a72, 0x0a74,
+    0x0a85, 0x0a8d,
+    0x0a8f, 0x0a91,
+    0x0a93, 0x0aa8,
+    0x0aaa, 0x0ab0,
+    0x0ab2, 0x0ab3,
+    0x0ab5, 0x0ab9,
+    0x0ae0, 0x0ae1,
+    0x0b05, 0x0b0c,
+    0x0b0f, 0x0b10,
+    0x0b13, 0x0b28,
+    0x0b2a, 0x0b30,
+    0x0b32, 0x0b33,
+    0x0b35, 0x0b39,
+    0x0b5c, 0x0b5d,
+    0x0b5f, 0x0b61,
+    0x0b85, 0x0b8a,
+    0x0b8e, 0x0b90,
+    0x0b92, 0x0b95,
+    0x0b99, 0x0b9a,
+    0x0b9e, 0x0b9f,
+    0x0ba3, 0x0ba4,
+    0x0ba8, 0x0baa,
+    0x0bae, 0x0bb9,
+    0x0c05, 0x0c0c,
+    0x0c0e, 0x0c10,
+    0x0c12, 0x0c28,
+    0x0c2a, 0x0c39,
+    0x0c58, 0x0c59,
+    0x0c60, 0x0c61,
+    0x0c85, 0x0c8c,
+    0x0c8e, 0x0c90,
+    0x0c92, 0x0ca8,
+    0x0caa, 0x0cb3,
+    0x0cb5, 0x0cb9,
+    0x0ce0, 0x0ce1,
+    0x0cf1, 0x0cf2,
+    0x0d05, 0x0d0c,
+    0x0d0e, 0x0d10,
+    0x0d12, 0x0d3a,
+    0x0d60, 0x0d61,
+    0x0d7a, 0x0d7f,
+    0x0d85, 0x0d96,
+    0x0d9a, 0x0db1,
+    0x0db3, 0x0dbb,
+    0x0dc0, 0x0dc6,
+    0x0e01, 0x0e30,
+    0x0e32, 0x0e33,
+    0x0e40, 0x0e46,
+    0x0e81, 0x0e82,
+    0x0e87, 0x0e88,
+    0x0e94, 0x0e97,
+    0x0e99, 0x0e9f,
+    0x0ea1, 0x0ea3,
+    0x0eaa, 0x0eab,
+    0x0ead, 0x0eb0,
+    0x0eb2, 0x0eb3,
+    0x0ec0, 0x0ec4,
+    0x0edc, 0x0edf,
+    0x0f40, 0x0f47,
+    0x0f49, 0x0f6c,
+    0x0f88, 0x0f8c,
+    0x1000, 0x102a,
+    0x1050, 0x1055,
+    0x105a, 0x105d,
+    0x1065, 0x1066,
+    0x106e, 0x1070,
+    0x1075, 0x1081,
+    0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+    0x10d0, 0x10fa,
+    0x10fc, 0x1248,
+    0x124a, 0x124d,
+    0x1250, 0x1256,
+    0x125a, 0x125d,
+    0x1260, 0x1288,
+    0x128a, 0x128d,
+    0x1290, 0x12b0,
+    0x12b2, 0x12b5,
+    0x12b8, 0x12be,
+    0x12c2, 0x12c5,
+    0x12c8, 0x12d6,
+    0x12d8, 0x1310,
+    0x1312, 0x1315,
+    0x1318, 0x135a,
+    0x1380, 0x138f,
+    0x13a0, 0x13f4,
+    0x1401, 0x166c,
+    0x166f, 0x167f,
+    0x1681, 0x169a,
+    0x16a0, 0x16ea,
+    0x16f1, 0x16f8,
+    0x1700, 0x170c,
+    0x170e, 0x1711,
+    0x1720, 0x1731,
+    0x1740, 0x1751,
+    0x1760, 0x176c,
+    0x176e, 0x1770,
+    0x1780, 0x17b3,
+    0x1820, 0x1877,
+    0x1880, 0x18a8,
+    0x18b0, 0x18f5,
+    0x1900, 0x191e,
+    0x1950, 0x196d,
+    0x1970, 0x1974,
+    0x1980, 0x19ab,
+    0x19c1, 0x19c7,
+    0x1a00, 0x1a16,
+    0x1a20, 0x1a54,
+    0x1b05, 0x1b33,
+    0x1b45, 0x1b4b,
+    0x1b83, 0x1ba0,
+    0x1bae, 0x1baf,
+    0x1bba, 0x1be5,
+    0x1c00, 0x1c23,
+    0x1c4d, 0x1c4f,
+    0x1c5a, 0x1c7d,
+    0x1ce9, 0x1cec,
+    0x1cee, 0x1cf1,
+    0x1cf5, 0x1cf6,
+    0x1d00, 0x1dbf,
+    0x1e00, 0x1f15,
+    0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+    0x1f20, 0x1f45,
+    0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+    0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+    0x1f5f, 0x1f7d,
+    0x1f80, 0x1fb4,
+    0x1fb6, 0x1fbc,
+    0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+    0x1fc6, 0x1fcc,
+    0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+    0x1fd6, 0x1fdb,
+    0x1fe0, 0x1fec,
+    0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+    0x1ff6, 0x1ffc,
+    0x2090, 0x209c,
+    0x210a, 0x2113,
+    0x2119, 0x211d,
+    0x212a, 0x212d,
+    0x212f, 0x2139,
+    0x213c, 0x213f,
+    0x2145, 0x2149,
+    0x2183, 0x2184,
+    0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+    0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+    0x2c60, 0x2ce4,
+    0x2ceb, 0x2cee,
+    0x2cf2, 0x2cf3,
+    0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+    0x2d30, 0x2d67,
+    0x2d80, 0x2d96,
+    0x2da0, 0x2da6,
+    0x2da8, 0x2dae,
+    0x2db0, 0x2db6,
+    0x2db8, 0x2dbe,
+    0x2dc0, 0x2dc6,
+    0x2dc8, 0x2dce,
+    0x2dd0, 0x2dd6,
+    0x2dd8, 0x2dde,
+    0x3005, 0x3006,
+    0x3031, 0x3035,
+    0x303b, 0x303c,
+    0x3041, 0x3096,
+    0x309d, 0x309f,
+    0x30a1, 0x30fa,
+    0x30fc, 0x30ff,
+    0x3105, 0x312d,
+    0x3131, 0x318e,
+    0x31a0, 0x31ba,
+    0x31f0, 0x31ff,
+    0x3400, 0x4db5,
+    0x4e00, 0x9fcc,
+    0xa000, 0xa48c,
+    0xa4d0, 0xa4fd,
+    0xa500, 0xa60c,
+    0xa610, 0xa61f,
+    0xa62a, 0xa62b,
+    0xa640, 0xa66e,
+    0xa67f, 0xa69d,
+    0xa6a0, 0xa6e5,
+    0xa717, 0xa71f,
+    0xa722, 0xa788,
+    0xa78b, 0xa78e,
+    0xa790, 0xa7ad,
+    0xa7b0, 0xa7b1,
+    0xa7f7, 0xa801,
+    0xa803, 0xa805,
+    0xa807, 0xa80a,
+    0xa80c, 0xa822,
+    0xa840, 0xa873,
+    0xa882, 0xa8b3,
+    0xa8f2, 0xa8f7,
+    0xa90a, 0xa925,
+    0xa930, 0xa946,
+    0xa960, 0xa97c,
+    0xa984, 0xa9b2,
+    0xa9e0, 0xa9e4,
+    0xa9e6, 0xa9ef,
+    0xa9fa, 0xa9fe,
+    0xaa00, 0xaa28,
+    0xaa40, 0xaa42,
+    0xaa44, 0xaa4b,
+    0xaa60, 0xaa76,
+    0xaa7e, 0xaaaf,
+    0xaab5, 0xaab6,
+    0xaab9, 0xaabd,
+    0xaadb, 0xaadd,
+    0xaae0, 0xaaea,
+    0xaaf2, 0xaaf4,
+    0xab01, 0xab06,
+    0xab09, 0xab0e,
+    0xab11, 0xab16,
+    0xab20, 0xab26,
+    0xab28, 0xab2e,
+    0xab30, 0xab5a,
+    0xab5c, 0xab5f,
+    0xab64, 0xab65,
+    0xabc0, 0xabe2,
+    0xac00, 0xd7a3,
+    0xd7b0, 0xd7c6,
+    0xd7cb, 0xd7fb,
+    0xf900, 0xfa6d,
+    0xfa70, 0xfad9,
+    0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+    0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+    0xfb1f, 0xfb28,
+    0xfb2a, 0xfb36,
+    0xfb38, 0xfb3c,
+    0xfb40, 0xfb41,
+    0xfb43, 0xfb44,
+    0xfb46, 0xfbb1,
+    0xfbd3, 0xfd3d,
+    0xfd50, 0xfd8f,
+    0xfd92, 0xfdc7,
+    0xfdf0, 0xfdfb,
+    0xfe70, 0xfe74,
+    0xfe76, 0xfefc,
+    0xff21, 0xff3a,
+    0xff41, 0xff5a,
+    0xff66, 0xffbe,
+    0xffc2, 0xffc7,
+    0xffca, 0xffcf,
+    0xffd2, 0xffd7,
+    0xffda, 0xffdc,
+    0x10000, 0x1000b,
+    0x1000d, 0x10026,
+    0x10028, 0x1003a,
+    0x1003c, 0x1003d,
+    0x1003f, 0x1004d,
+    0x10050, 0x1005d,
+    0x10080, 0x100fa,
+    0x10280, 0x1029c,
+    0x102a0, 0x102d0,
+    0x10300, 0x1031f,
+    0x10330, 0x10340,
+    0x10342, 0x10349,
+    0x10350, 0x10375,
+    0x10380, 0x1039d,
+    0x103a0, 0x103c3,
+    0x103c8, 0x103cf,
+    0x10400, 0x1049d,
+    0x10500, 0x10527,
+    0x10530, 0x10563,
+    0x10600, 0x10736,
+    0x10740, 0x10755,
+    0x10760, 0x10767,
+    0x10800, 0x10805,
+    0x1080a, 0x10835,
+    0x10837, 0x10838,
+    0x1083f, 0x10855,
+    0x10860, 0x10876,
+    0x10880, 0x1089e,
+    0x10900, 0x10915,
+    0x10920, 0x10939,
+    0x10980, 0x109b7,
+    0x109be, 0x109bf,
+    0x10a10, 0x10a13,
+    0x10a15, 0x10a17,
+    0x10a19, 0x10a33,
+    0x10a60, 0x10a7c,
+    0x10a80, 0x10a9c,
+    0x10ac0, 0x10ac7,
+    0x10ac9, 0x10ae4,
+    0x10b00, 0x10b35,
+    0x10b40, 0x10b55,
+    0x10b60, 0x10b72,
+    0x10b80, 0x10b91,
+    0x10c00, 0x10c48,
+    0x11003, 0x11037,
+    0x11083, 0x110af,
+    0x110d0, 0x110e8,
+    0x11103, 0x11126,
+    0x11150, 0x11172,
+    0x11183, 0x111b2,
+    0x111c1, 0x111c4,
+    0x11200, 0x11211,
+    0x11213, 0x1122b,
+    0x112b0, 0x112de,
+    0x11305, 0x1130c,
+    0x1130f, 0x11310,
+    0x11313, 0x11328,
+    0x1132a, 0x11330,
+    0x11332, 0x11333,
+    0x11335, 0x11339,
+    0x1135d, 0x11361,
+    0x11480, 0x114af,
+    0x114c4, 0x114c5,
+    0x11580, 0x115ae,
+    0x11600, 0x1162f,
+    0x11680, 0x116aa,
+    0x118a0, 0x118df,
+    0x11ac0, 0x11af8,
+    0x12000, 0x12398,
+    0x13000, 0x1342e,
+    0x16800, 0x16a38,
+    0x16a40, 0x16a5e,
+    0x16ad0, 0x16aed,
+    0x16b00, 0x16b2f,
+    0x16b40, 0x16b43,
+    0x16b63, 0x16b77,
+    0x16b7d, 0x16b8f,
+    0x16f00, 0x16f44,
+    0x16f93, 0x16f9f,
+    0x1b000, 0x1b001,
+    0x1bc00, 0x1bc6a,
+    0x1bc70, 0x1bc7c,
+    0x1bc80, 0x1bc88,
+    0x1bc90, 0x1bc99,
+    0x1d400, 0x1d454,
+    0x1d456, 0x1d49c,
+    0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+    0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+    0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+    0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b9,
+    0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+    0x1d4c5, 0x1d505,
+    0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+    0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+    0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+    0x1d51e, 0x1d539,
+    0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+    0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+    0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+    0x1d552, 0x1d6a5,
+    0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+    0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+    0x1d6dc, 0x1d6fa,
+    0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+    0x1d716, 0x1d734,
+    0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+    0x1d750, 0x1d76e,
+    0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+    0x1d78a, 0x1d7a8,
+    0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+    0x1d7c4, 0x1d7cb,
+    0x1e800, 0x1e8c4,
+    0x1ee00, 0x1ee03,
+    0x1ee05, 0x1ee1f,
+    0x1ee21, 0x1ee22,
+    0x1ee29, 0x1ee32,
+    0x1ee34, 0x1ee37,
+    0x1ee4d, 0x1ee4f,
+    0x1ee51, 0x1ee52,
+    0x1ee61, 0x1ee62,
+    0x1ee67, 0x1ee6a,
+    0x1ee6c, 0x1ee72,
+    0x1ee74, 0x1ee77,
+    0x1ee79, 0x1ee7c,
+    0x1ee80, 0x1ee89,
+    0x1ee8b, 0x1ee9b,
+    0x1eea1, 0x1eea3,
+    0x1eea5, 0x1eea9,
+    0x1eeab, 0x1eebb,
+    0x20000, 0x2a6d6,
+    0x2a700, 0x2b734,
+    0x2b740, 0x2b81d,
+    0x2f800, 0x2fa1d,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t isalphas[] = {
+    0x00aa,
+    0x00b5,
+    0x00ba,
+    0x02ec,
+    0x02ee,
+    0x037f,
+    0x0386,
+    0x038c,
+    0x0559,
+    0x06d5,
+    0x06ff,
+    0x0710,
+    0x07b1,
+    0x07fa,
+    0x081a,
+    0x0824,
+    0x0828,
+    0x093d,
+    0x0950,
+    0x09b2,
+    0x09bd,
+    0x09ce,
+    0x0a5e,
+    0x0abd,
+    0x0ad0,
+    0x0b3d,
+    0x0b71,
+    0x0b83,
+    0x0b9c,
+    0x0bd0,
+    0x0c3d,
+    0x0cbd,
+    0x0cde,
+    0x0d3d,
+    0x0d4e,
+    0x0dbd,
+    0x0e84,
+    0x0e8a,
+    0x0e8d,
+    0x0ea5,
+    0x0ea7,
+    0x0ebd,
+    0x0ec6,
+    0x0f00,
+    0x103f,
+    0x1061,
+    0x108e,
+    0x10c7,
+    0x10cd,
+    0x1258,
+    0x12c0,
+    0x17d7,
+    0x17dc,
+    0x18aa,
+    0x1aa7,
+    0x1f59,
+    0x1f5b,
+    0x1f5d,
+    0x1fbe,
+    0x2071,
+    0x207f,
+    0x2102,
+    0x2107,
+    0x2115,
+    0x2124,
+    0x2126,
+    0x2128,
+    0x214e,
+    0x2d27,
+    0x2d2d,
+    0x2d6f,
+    0x2e2f,
+    0xa8fb,
+    0xa9cf,
+    0xaa7a,
+    0xaab1,
+    0xaac0,
+    0xaac2,
+    0xfb1d,
+    0xfb3e,
+    0x10808,
+    0x1083c,
+    0x10a00,
+    0x11176,
+    0x111da,
+    0x1133d,
+    0x114c7,
+    0x11644,
+    0x118ff,
+    0x16f50,
+    0x1d4a2,
+    0x1d4bb,
+    0x1d546,
+    0x1ee24,
+    0x1ee27,
+    0x1ee39,
+    0x1ee3b,
+    0x1ee42,
+    0x1ee47,
+    0x1ee49,
+    0x1ee4b,
+    0x1ee54,
+    0x1ee57,
+    0x1ee59,
+    0x1ee5b,
+    0x1ee5d,
+    0x1ee5f,
+    0x1ee64,
+    0x1ee7e,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+bool isalpha(char32_t c) noexcept
+{
+    const char32_t* p;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, isalphar, nelem (isalphar) / 2, 2);
+
+    if (p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+        return true;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, isalphas, nelem (isalphas), 1);
+
+    if (p && c == p[0])
+        return true;
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t isupperr[] = {
+    0x0041, 0x005a,
+    0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+    0x00d8, 0x00de,
+    0x0178, 0x0179,
+    0x0181, 0x0182,
+    0x0186, 0x0187,
+    0x0189, 0x018b,
+    0x018e, 0x0191,
+    0x0193, 0x0194,
+    0x0196, 0x0198,
+    0x019c, 0x019d,
+    0x019f, 0x01a0,
+    0x01a6, 0x01a7,
+    0x01ae, 0x01af,
+    0x01b1, 0x01b3,
+    0x01b7, 0x01b8,
+    0x01f6, 0x01f8,
+    0x023a, 0x023b,
+    0x023d, 0x023e,
+    0x0243, 0x0246,
+    0x0388, 0x038a,
+    0x038e, 0x038f,
+    0x0391, 0x03a1,
+    0x03a3, 0x03ab,
+    0x03d2, 0x03d4,
+    0x03f9, 0x03fa,
+    0x03fd, 0x042f,
+    0x04c0, 0x04c1,
+    0x0531, 0x0556,
+    0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+    0x1f08, 0x1f0f,
+    0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+    0x1f28, 0x1f2f,
+    0x1f38, 0x1f3f,
+    0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+    0x1f68, 0x1f6f,
+    0x1f88, 0x1f8f,
+    0x1f98, 0x1f9f,
+    0x1fa8, 0x1faf,
+    0x1fb8, 0x1fbc,
+    0x1fc8, 0x1fcc,
+    0x1fd8, 0x1fdb,
+    0x1fe8, 0x1fec,
+    0x1ff8, 0x1ffc,
+    0x210b, 0x210d,
+    0x2110, 0x2112,
+    0x2119, 0x211d,
+    0x212a, 0x212d,
+    0x2130, 0x2133,
+    0x213e, 0x213f,
+    0x2160, 0x216f,
+    0x24b6, 0x24cf,
+    0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+    0x2c62, 0x2c64,
+    0x2c6d, 0x2c70,
+    0x2c7e, 0x2c80,
+    0xa77d, 0xa77e,
+    0xa7aa, 0xa7ad,
+    0xa7b0, 0xa7b1,
+    0xff21, 0xff3a,
+    0x10400, 0x10427,
+    0x118a0, 0x118bf,
+    0x1d400, 0x1d419,
+    0x1d434, 0x1d44d,
+    0x1d468, 0x1d481,
+    0x1d49e, 0x1d49f,
+    0x1d4a5, 0x1d4a6,
+    0x1d4a9, 0x1d4ac,
+    0x1d4ae, 0x1d4b5,
+    0x1d4d0, 0x1d4e9,
+    0x1d504, 0x1d505,
+    0x1d507, 0x1d50a,
+    0x1d50d, 0x1d514,
+    0x1d516, 0x1d51c,
+    0x1d538, 0x1d539,
+    0x1d53b, 0x1d53e,
+    0x1d540, 0x1d544,
+    0x1d54a, 0x1d550,
+    0x1d56c, 0x1d585,
+    0x1d5a0, 0x1d5b9,
+    0x1d5d4, 0x1d5ed,
+    0x1d608, 0x1d621,
+    0x1d63c, 0x1d655,
+    0x1d670, 0x1d689,
+    0x1d6a8, 0x1d6c0,
+    0x1d6e2, 0x1d6fa,
+    0x1d71c, 0x1d734,
+    0x1d756, 0x1d76e,
+    0x1d790, 0x1d7a8,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t isuppers[] = {
+    0x0100,
+    0x0102,
+    0x0104,
+    0x0106,
+    0x0108,
+    0x010a,
+    0x010c,
+    0x010e,
+    0x0110,
+    0x0112,
+    0x0114,
+    0x0116,
+    0x0118,
+    0x011a,
+    0x011c,
+    0x011e,
+    0x0120,
+    0x0122,
+    0x0124,
+    0x0126,
+    0x0128,
+    0x012a,
+    0x012c,
+    0x012e,
+    0x0130,
+    0x0132,
+    0x0134,
+    0x0136,
+    0x0139,
+    0x013b,
+    0x013d,
+    0x013f,
+    0x0141,
+    0x0143,
+    0x0145,
+    0x0147,
+    0x014a,
+    0x014c,
+    0x014e,
+    0x0150,
+    0x0152,
+    0x0154,
+    0x0156,
+    0x0158,
+    0x015a,
+    0x015c,
+    0x015e,
+    0x0160,
+    0x0162,
+    0x0164,
+    0x0166,
+    0x0168,
+    0x016a,
+    0x016c,
+    0x016e,
+    0x0170,
+    0x0172,
+    0x0174,
+    0x0176,
+    0x017b,
+    0x017d,
+    0x0184,
+    0x01a2,
+    0x01a4,
+    0x01a9,
+    0x01ac,
+    0x01b5,
+    0x01bc,
+    0x01c4,
+    0x01c7,
+    0x01ca,
+    0x01cd,
+    0x01cf,
+    0x01d1,
+    0x01d3,
+    0x01d5,
+    0x01d7,
+    0x01d9,
+    0x01db,
+    0x01de,
+    0x01e0,
+    0x01e2,
+    0x01e4,
+    0x01e6,
+    0x01e8,
+    0x01ea,
+    0x01ec,
+    0x01ee,
+    0x01f1,
+    0x01f4,
+    0x01fa,
+    0x01fc,
+    0x01fe,
+    0x0200,
+    0x0202,
+    0x0204,
+    0x0206,
+    0x0208,
+    0x020a,
+    0x020c,
+    0x020e,
+    0x0210,
+    0x0212,
+    0x0214,
+    0x0216,
+    0x0218,
+    0x021a,
+    0x021c,
+    0x021e,
+    0x0220,
+    0x0222,
+    0x0224,
+    0x0226,
+    0x0228,
+    0x022a,
+    0x022c,
+    0x022e,
+    0x0230,
+    0x0232,
+    0x0241,
+    0x0248,
+    0x024a,
+    0x024c,
+    0x024e,
+    0x0370,
+    0x0372,
+    0x0376,
+    0x037f,
+    0x0386,
+    0x038c,
+    0x03cf,
+    0x03d8,
+    0x03da,
+    0x03dc,
+    0x03de,
+    0x03e0,
+    0x03e2,
+    0x03e4,
+    0x03e6,
+    0x03e8,
+    0x03ea,
+    0x03ec,
+    0x03ee,
+    0x03f4,
+    0x03f7,
+    0x0460,
+    0x0462,
+    0x0464,
+    0x0466,
+    0x0468,
+    0x046a,
+    0x046c,
+    0x046e,
+    0x0470,
+    0x0472,
+    0x0474,
+    0x0476,
+    0x0478,
+    0x047a,
+    0x047c,
+    0x047e,
+    0x0480,
+    0x048a,
+    0x048c,
+    0x048e,
+    0x0490,
+    0x0492,
+    0x0494,
+    0x0496,
+    0x0498,
+    0x049a,
+    0x049c,
+    0x049e,
+    0x04a0,
+    0x04a2,
+    0x04a4,
+    0x04a6,
+    0x04a8,
+    0x04aa,
+    0x04ac,
+    0x04ae,
+    0x04b0,
+    0x04b2,
+    0x04b4,
+    0x04b6,
+    0x04b8,
+    0x04ba,
+    0x04bc,
+    0x04be,
+    0x04c3,
+    0x04c5,
+    0x04c7,
+    0x04c9,
+    0x04cb,
+    0x04cd,
+    0x04d0,
+    0x04d2,
+    0x04d4,
+    0x04d6,
+    0x04d8,
+    0x04da,
+    0x04dc,
+    0x04de,
+    0x04e0,
+    0x04e2,
+    0x04e4,
+    0x04e6,
+    0x04e8,
+    0x04ea,
+    0x04ec,
+    0x04ee,
+    0x04f0,
+    0x04f2,
+    0x04f4,
+    0x04f6,
+    0x04f8,
+    0x04fa,
+    0x04fc,
+    0x04fe,
+    0x0500,
+    0x0502,
+    0x0504,
+    0x0506,
+    0x0508,
+    0x050a,
+    0x050c,
+    0x050e,
+    0x0510,
+    0x0512,
+    0x0514,
+    0x0516,
+    0x0518,
+    0x051a,
+    0x051c,
+    0x051e,
+    0x0520,
+    0x0522,
+    0x0524,
+    0x0526,
+    0x0528,
+    0x052a,
+    0x052c,
+    0x052e,
+    0x10c7,
+    0x10cd,
+    0x1e00,
+    0x1e02,
+    0x1e04,
+    0x1e06,
+    0x1e08,
+    0x1e0a,
+    0x1e0c,
+    0x1e0e,
+    0x1e10,
+    0x1e12,
+    0x1e14,
+    0x1e16,
+    0x1e18,
+    0x1e1a,
+    0x1e1c,
+    0x1e1e,
+    0x1e20,
+    0x1e22,
+    0x1e24,
+    0x1e26,
+    0x1e28,
+    0x1e2a,
+    0x1e2c,
+    0x1e2e,
+    0x1e30,
+    0x1e32,
+    0x1e34,
+    0x1e36,
+    0x1e38,
+    0x1e3a,
+    0x1e3c,
+    0x1e3e,
+    0x1e40,
+    0x1e42,
+    0x1e44,
+    0x1e46,
+    0x1e48,
+    0x1e4a,
+    0x1e4c,
+    0x1e4e,
+    0x1e50,
+    0x1e52,
+    0x1e54,
+    0x1e56,
+    0x1e58,
+    0x1e5a,
+    0x1e5c,
+    0x1e5e,
+    0x1e60,
+    0x1e62,
+    0x1e64,
+    0x1e66,
+    0x1e68,
+    0x1e6a,
+    0x1e6c,
+    0x1e6e,
+    0x1e70,
+    0x1e72,
+    0x1e74,
+    0x1e76,
+    0x1e78,
+    0x1e7a,
+    0x1e7c,
+    0x1e7e,
+    0x1e80,
+    0x1e82,
+    0x1e84,
+    0x1e86,
+    0x1e88,
+    0x1e8a,
+    0x1e8c,
+    0x1e8e,
+    0x1e90,
+    0x1e92,
+    0x1e94,
+    0x1e9e,
+    0x1ea0,
+    0x1ea2,
+    0x1ea4,
+    0x1ea6,
+    0x1ea8,
+    0x1eaa,
+    0x1eac,
+    0x1eae,
+    0x1eb0,
+    0x1eb2,
+    0x1eb4,
+    0x1eb6,
+    0x1eb8,
+    0x1eba,
+    0x1ebc,
+    0x1ebe,
+    0x1ec0,
+    0x1ec2,
+    0x1ec4,
+    0x1ec6,
+    0x1ec8,
+    0x1eca,
+    0x1ecc,
+    0x1ece,
+    0x1ed0,
+    0x1ed2,
+    0x1ed4,
+    0x1ed6,
+    0x1ed8,
+    0x1eda,
+    0x1edc,
+    0x1ede,
+    0x1ee0,
+    0x1ee2,
+    0x1ee4,
+    0x1ee6,
+    0x1ee8,
+    0x1eea,
+    0x1eec,
+    0x1eee,
+    0x1ef0,
+    0x1ef2,
+    0x1ef4,
+    0x1ef6,
+    0x1ef8,
+    0x1efa,
+    0x1efc,
+    0x1efe,
+    0x1f59,
+    0x1f5b,
+    0x1f5d,
+    0x1f5f,
+    0x2102,
+    0x2107,
+    0x2115,
+    0x2124,
+    0x2126,
+    0x2128,
+    0x2145,
+    0x2183,
+    0x2c60,
+    0x2c67,
+    0x2c69,
+    0x2c6b,
+    0x2c72,
+    0x2c75,
+    0x2c82,
+    0x2c84,
+    0x2c86,
+    0x2c88,
+    0x2c8a,
+    0x2c8c,
+    0x2c8e,
+    0x2c90,
+    0x2c92,
+    0x2c94,
+    0x2c96,
+    0x2c98,
+    0x2c9a,
+    0x2c9c,
+    0x2c9e,
+    0x2ca0,
+    0x2ca2,
+    0x2ca4,
+    0x2ca6,
+    0x2ca8,
+    0x2caa,
+    0x2cac,
+    0x2cae,
+    0x2cb0,
+    0x2cb2,
+    0x2cb4,
+    0x2cb6,
+    0x2cb8,
+    0x2cba,
+    0x2cbc,
+    0x2cbe,
+    0x2cc0,
+    0x2cc2,
+    0x2cc4,
+    0x2cc6,
+    0x2cc8,
+    0x2cca,
+    0x2ccc,
+    0x2cce,
+    0x2cd0,
+    0x2cd2,
+    0x2cd4,
+    0x2cd6,
+    0x2cd8,
+    0x2cda,
+    0x2cdc,
+    0x2cde,
+    0x2ce0,
+    0x2ce2,
+    0x2ceb,
+    0x2ced,
+    0x2cf2,
+    0xa640,
+    0xa642,
+    0xa644,
+    0xa646,
+    0xa648,
+    0xa64a,
+    0xa64c,
+    0xa64e,
+    0xa650,
+    0xa652,
+    0xa654,
+    0xa656,
+    0xa658,
+    0xa65a,
+    0xa65c,
+    0xa65e,
+    0xa660,
+    0xa662,
+    0xa664,
+    0xa666,
+    0xa668,
+    0xa66a,
+    0xa66c,
+    0xa680,
+    0xa682,
+    0xa684,
+    0xa686,
+    0xa688,
+    0xa68a,
+    0xa68c,
+    0xa68e,
+    0xa690,
+    0xa692,
+    0xa694,
+    0xa696,
+    0xa698,
+    0xa69a,
+    0xa722,
+    0xa724,
+    0xa726,
+    0xa728,
+    0xa72a,
+    0xa72c,
+    0xa72e,
+    0xa732,
+    0xa734,
+    0xa736,
+    0xa738,
+    0xa73a,
+    0xa73c,
+    0xa73e,
+    0xa740,
+    0xa742,
+    0xa744,
+    0xa746,
+    0xa748,
+    0xa74a,
+    0xa74c,
+    0xa74e,
+    0xa750,
+    0xa752,
+    0xa754,
+    0xa756,
+    0xa758,
+    0xa75a,
+    0xa75c,
+    0xa75e,
+    0xa760,
+    0xa762,
+    0xa764,
+    0xa766,
+    0xa768,
+    0xa76a,
+    0xa76c,
+    0xa76e,
+    0xa779,
+    0xa77b,
+    0xa780,
+    0xa782,
+    0xa784,
+    0xa786,
+    0xa78b,
+    0xa78d,
+    0xa790,
+    0xa792,
+    0xa796,
+    0xa798,
+    0xa79a,
+    0xa79c,
+    0xa79e,
+    0xa7a0,
+    0xa7a2,
+    0xa7a4,
+    0xa7a6,
+    0xa7a8,
+    0x1d49c,
+    0x1d4a2,
+    0x1d546,
+    0x1d7ca,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+bool isupper(char32_t c) noexcept
+{
+    const char32_t* p;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, isupperr, nelem (isupperr) / 2, 2);
+
+    if (p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+        return true;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, isuppers, nelem (isuppers), 1);
+
+    if (p && c == p[0])
+        return true;
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t islowerr[] = {
+    0x0061, 0x007a,
+    0x00df, 0x00f6,
+    0x00f8, 0x00ff,
+    0x0137, 0x0138,
+    0x0148, 0x0149,
+    0x017e, 0x0180,
+    0x018c, 0x018d,
+    0x0199, 0x019b,
+    0x01aa, 0x01ab,
+    0x01b9, 0x01ba,
+    0x01bd, 0x01bf,
+    0x01dc, 0x01dd,
+    0x01ef, 0x01f0,
+    0x0233, 0x0239,
+    0x023f, 0x0240,
+    0x024f, 0x0293,
+    0x0295, 0x02af,
+    0x037b, 0x037d,
+    0x03ac, 0x03ce,
+    0x03d0, 0x03d1,
+    0x03d5, 0x03d7,
+    0x03ef, 0x03f3,
+    0x03fb, 0x03fc,
+    0x0430, 0x045f,
+    0x04ce, 0x04cf,
+    0x0561, 0x0587,
+    0x1d00, 0x1d2b,
+    0x1d6b, 0x1d77,
+    0x1d79, 0x1d9a,
+    0x1e95, 0x1e9d,
+    0x1eff, 0x1f07,
+    0x1f10, 0x1f15,
+    0x1f20, 0x1f27,
+    0x1f30, 0x1f37,
+    0x1f40, 0x1f45,
+    0x1f50, 0x1f57,
+    0x1f60, 0x1f67,
+    0x1f70, 0x1f7d,
+    0x1f80, 0x1f87,
+    0x1f90, 0x1f97,
+    0x1fa0, 0x1fa7,
+    0x1fb0, 0x1fb4,
+    0x1fb6, 0x1fb7,
+    0x1fc2, 0x1fc4,
+    0x1fc6, 0x1fc7,
+    0x1fd0, 0x1fd3,
+    0x1fd6, 0x1fd7,
+    0x1fe0, 0x1fe7,
+    0x1ff2, 0x1ff4,
+    0x1ff6, 0x1ff7,
+    0x210e, 0x210f,
+    0x213c, 0x213d,
+    0x2146, 0x2149,
+    0x2170, 0x217f,
+    0x24d0, 0x24e9,
+    0x2c30, 0x2c5e,
+    0x2c65, 0x2c66,
+    0x2c73, 0x2c74,
+    0x2c76, 0x2c7b,
+    0x2ce3, 0x2ce4,
+    0x2d00, 0x2d25,
+    0xa72f, 0xa731,
+    0xa771, 0xa778,
+    0xa793, 0xa795,
+    0xab30, 0xab5a,
+    0xab64, 0xab65,
+    0xfb00, 0xfb06,
+    0xfb13, 0xfb17,
+    0xff41, 0xff5a,
+    0x10428, 0x1044f,
+    0x118c0, 0x118df,
+    0x1d41a, 0x1d433,
+    0x1d44e, 0x1d454,
+    0x1d456, 0x1d467,
+    0x1d482, 0x1d49b,
+    0x1d4b6, 0x1d4b9,
+    0x1d4bd, 0x1d4c3,
+    0x1d4c5, 0x1d4cf,
+    0x1d4ea, 0x1d503,
+    0x1d51e, 0x1d537,
+    0x1d552, 0x1d56b,
+    0x1d586, 0x1d59f,
+    0x1d5ba, 0x1d5d3,
+    0x1d5ee, 0x1d607,
+    0x1d622, 0x1d63b,
+    0x1d656, 0x1d66f,
+    0x1d68a, 0x1d6a5,
+    0x1d6c2, 0x1d6da,
+    0x1d6dc, 0x1d6e1,
+    0x1d6fc, 0x1d714,
+    0x1d716, 0x1d71b,
+    0x1d736, 0x1d74e,
+    0x1d750, 0x1d755,
+    0x1d770, 0x1d788,
+    0x1d78a, 0x1d78f,
+    0x1d7aa, 0x1d7c2,
+    0x1d7c4, 0x1d7c9,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t islowers[] = {
+    0x00b5,
+    0x0101,
+    0x0103,
+    0x0105,
+    0x0107,
+    0x0109,
+    0x010b,
+    0x010d,
+    0x010f,
+    0x0111,
+    0x0113,
+    0x0115,
+    0x0117,
+    0x0119,
+    0x011b,
+    0x011d,
+    0x011f,
+    0x0121,
+    0x0123,
+    0x0125,
+    0x0127,
+    0x0129,
+    0x012b,
+    0x012d,
+    0x012f,
+    0x0131,
+    0x0133,
+    0x0135,
+    0x013a,
+    0x013c,
+    0x013e,
+    0x0140,
+    0x0142,
+    0x0144,
+    0x0146,
+    0x014b,
+    0x014d,
+    0x014f,
+    0x0151,
+    0x0153,
+    0x0155,
+    0x0157,
+    0x0159,
+    0x015b,
+    0x015d,
+    0x015f,
+    0x0161,
+    0x0163,
+    0x0165,
+    0x0167,
+    0x0169,
+    0x016b,
+    0x016d,
+    0x016f,
+    0x0171,
+    0x0173,
+    0x0175,
+    0x0177,
+    0x017a,
+    0x017c,
+    0x0183,
+    0x0185,
+    0x0188,
+    0x0192,
+    0x0195,
+    0x019e,
+    0x01a1,
+    0x01a3,
+    0x01a5,
+    0x01a8,
+    0x01ad,
+    0x01b0,
+    0x01b4,
+    0x01b6,
+    0x01c6,
+    0x01c9,
+    0x01cc,
+    0x01ce,
+    0x01d0,
+    0x01d2,
+    0x01d4,
+    0x01d6,
+    0x01d8,
+    0x01da,
+    0x01df,
+    0x01e1,
+    0x01e3,
+    0x01e5,
+    0x01e7,
+    0x01e9,
+    0x01eb,
+    0x01ed,
+    0x01f3,
+    0x01f5,
+    0x01f9,
+    0x01fb,
+    0x01fd,
+    0x01ff,
+    0x0201,
+    0x0203,
+    0x0205,
+    0x0207,
+    0x0209,
+    0x020b,
+    0x020d,
+    0x020f,
+    0x0211,
+    0x0213,
+    0x0215,
+    0x0217,
+    0x0219,
+    0x021b,
+    0x021d,
+    0x021f,
+    0x0221,
+    0x0223,
+    0x0225,
+    0x0227,
+    0x0229,
+    0x022b,
+    0x022d,
+    0x022f,
+    0x0231,
+    0x023c,
+    0x0242,
+    0x0247,
+    0x0249,
+    0x024b,
+    0x024d,
+    0x0371,
+    0x0373,
+    0x0377,
+    0x0390,
+    0x03d9,
+    0x03db,
+    0x03dd,
+    0x03df,
+    0x03e1,
+    0x03e3,
+    0x03e5,
+    0x03e7,
+    0x03e9,
+    0x03eb,
+    0x03ed,
+    0x03f5,
+    0x03f8,
+    0x0461,
+    0x0463,
+    0x0465,
+    0x0467,
+    0x0469,
+    0x046b,
+    0x046d,
+    0x046f,
+    0x0471,
+    0x0473,
+    0x0475,
+    0x0477,
+    0x0479,
+    0x047b,
+    0x047d,
+    0x047f,
+    0x0481,
+    0x048b,
+    0x048d,
+    0x048f,
+    0x0491,
+    0x0493,
+    0x0495,
+    0x0497,
+    0x0499,
+    0x049b,
+    0x049d,
+    0x049f,
+    0x04a1,
+    0x04a3,
+    0x04a5,
+    0x04a7,
+    0x04a9,
+    0x04ab,
+    0x04ad,
+    0x04af,
+    0x04b1,
+    0x04b3,
+    0x04b5,
+    0x04b7,
+    0x04b9,
+    0x04bb,
+    0x04bd,
+    0x04bf,
+    0x04c2,
+    0x04c4,
+    0x04c6,
+    0x04c8,
+    0x04ca,
+    0x04cc,
+    0x04d1,
+    0x04d3,
+    0x04d5,
+    0x04d7,
+    0x04d9,
+    0x04db,
+    0x04dd,
+    0x04df,
+    0x04e1,
+    0x04e3,
+    0x04e5,
+    0x04e7,
+    0x04e9,
+    0x04eb,
+    0x04ed,
+    0x04ef,
+    0x04f1,
+    0x04f3,
+    0x04f5,
+    0x04f7,
+    0x04f9,
+    0x04fb,
+    0x04fd,
+    0x04ff,
+    0x0501,
+    0x0503,
+    0x0505,
+    0x0507,
+    0x0509,
+    0x050b,
+    0x050d,
+    0x050f,
+    0x0511,
+    0x0513,
+    0x0515,
+    0x0517,
+    0x0519,
+    0x051b,
+    0x051d,
+    0x051f,
+    0x0521,
+    0x0523,
+    0x0525,
+    0x0527,
+    0x0529,
+    0x052b,
+    0x052d,
+    0x052f,
+    0x1e01,
+    0x1e03,
+    0x1e05,
+    0x1e07,
+    0x1e09,
+    0x1e0b,
+    0x1e0d,
+    0x1e0f,
+    0x1e11,
+    0x1e13,
+    0x1e15,
+    0x1e17,
+    0x1e19,
+    0x1e1b,
+    0x1e1d,
+    0x1e1f,
+    0x1e21,
+    0x1e23,
+    0x1e25,
+    0x1e27,
+    0x1e29,
+    0x1e2b,
+    0x1e2d,
+    0x1e2f,
+    0x1e31,
+    0x1e33,
+    0x1e35,
+    0x1e37,
+    0x1e39,
+    0x1e3b,
+    0x1e3d,
+    0x1e3f,
+    0x1e41,
+    0x1e43,
+    0x1e45,
+    0x1e47,
+    0x1e49,
+    0x1e4b,
+    0x1e4d,
+    0x1e4f,
+    0x1e51,
+    0x1e53,
+    0x1e55,
+    0x1e57,
+    0x1e59,
+    0x1e5b,
+    0x1e5d,
+    0x1e5f,
+    0x1e61,
+    0x1e63,
+    0x1e65,
+    0x1e67,
+    0x1e69,
+    0x1e6b,
+    0x1e6d,
+    0x1e6f,
+    0x1e71,
+    0x1e73,
+    0x1e75,
+    0x1e77,
+    0x1e79,
+    0x1e7b,
+    0x1e7d,
+    0x1e7f,
+    0x1e81,
+    0x1e83,
+    0x1e85,
+    0x1e87,
+    0x1e89,
+    0x1e8b,
+    0x1e8d,
+    0x1e8f,
+    0x1e91,
+    0x1e93,
+    0x1e9f,
+    0x1ea1,
+    0x1ea3,
+    0x1ea5,
+    0x1ea7,
+    0x1ea9,
+    0x1eab,
+    0x1ead,
+    0x1eaf,
+    0x1eb1,
+    0x1eb3,
+    0x1eb5,
+    0x1eb7,
+    0x1eb9,
+    0x1ebb,
+    0x1ebd,
+    0x1ebf,
+    0x1ec1,
+    0x1ec3,
+    0x1ec5,
+    0x1ec7,
+    0x1ec9,
+    0x1ecb,
+    0x1ecd,
+    0x1ecf,
+    0x1ed1,
+    0x1ed3,
+    0x1ed5,
+    0x1ed7,
+    0x1ed9,
+    0x1edb,
+    0x1edd,
+    0x1edf,
+    0x1ee1,
+    0x1ee3,
+    0x1ee5,
+    0x1ee7,
+    0x1ee9,
+    0x1eeb,
+    0x1eed,
+    0x1eef,
+    0x1ef1,
+    0x1ef3,
+    0x1ef5,
+    0x1ef7,
+    0x1ef9,
+    0x1efb,
+    0x1efd,
+    0x1fbe,
+    0x210a,
+    0x2113,
+    0x212f,
+    0x2134,
+    0x2139,
+    0x214e,
+    0x2184,
+    0x2c61,
+    0x2c68,
+    0x2c6a,
+    0x2c6c,
+    0x2c71,
+    0x2c81,
+    0x2c83,
+    0x2c85,
+    0x2c87,
+    0x2c89,
+    0x2c8b,
+    0x2c8d,
+    0x2c8f,
+    0x2c91,
+    0x2c93,
+    0x2c95,
+    0x2c97,
+    0x2c99,
+    0x2c9b,
+    0x2c9d,
+    0x2c9f,
+    0x2ca1,
+    0x2ca3,
+    0x2ca5,
+    0x2ca7,
+    0x2ca9,
+    0x2cab,
+    0x2cad,
+    0x2caf,
+    0x2cb1,
+    0x2cb3,
+    0x2cb5,
+    0x2cb7,
+    0x2cb9,
+    0x2cbb,
+    0x2cbd,
+    0x2cbf,
+    0x2cc1,
+    0x2cc3,
+    0x2cc5,
+    0x2cc7,
+    0x2cc9,
+    0x2ccb,
+    0x2ccd,
+    0x2ccf,
+    0x2cd1,
+    0x2cd3,
+    0x2cd5,
+    0x2cd7,
+    0x2cd9,
+    0x2cdb,
+    0x2cdd,
+    0x2cdf,
+    0x2ce1,
+    0x2cec,
+    0x2cee,
+    0x2cf3,
+    0x2d27,
+    0x2d2d,
+    0xa641,
+    0xa643,
+    0xa645,
+    0xa647,
+    0xa649,
+    0xa64b,
+    0xa64d,
+    0xa64f,
+    0xa651,
+    0xa653,
+    0xa655,
+    0xa657,
+    0xa659,
+    0xa65b,
+    0xa65d,
+    0xa65f,
+    0xa661,
+    0xa663,
+    0xa665,
+    0xa667,
+    0xa669,
+    0xa66b,
+    0xa66d,
+    0xa681,
+    0xa683,
+    0xa685,
+    0xa687,
+    0xa689,
+    0xa68b,
+    0xa68d,
+    0xa68f,
+    0xa691,
+    0xa693,
+    0xa695,
+    0xa697,
+    0xa699,
+    0xa69b,
+    0xa723,
+    0xa725,
+    0xa727,
+    0xa729,
+    0xa72b,
+    0xa72d,
+    0xa733,
+    0xa735,
+    0xa737,
+    0xa739,
+    0xa73b,
+    0xa73d,
+    0xa73f,
+    0xa741,
+    0xa743,
+    0xa745,
+    0xa747,
+    0xa749,
+    0xa74b,
+    0xa74d,
+    0xa74f,
+    0xa751,
+    0xa753,
+    0xa755,
+    0xa757,
+    0xa759,
+    0xa75b,
+    0xa75d,
+    0xa75f,
+    0xa761,
+    0xa763,
+    0xa765,
+    0xa767,
+    0xa769,
+    0xa76b,
+    0xa76d,
+    0xa76f,
+    0xa77a,
+    0xa77c,
+    0xa77f,
+    0xa781,
+    0xa783,
+    0xa785,
+    0xa787,
+    0xa78c,
+    0xa78e,
+    0xa791,
+    0xa797,
+    0xa799,
+    0xa79b,
+    0xa79d,
+    0xa79f,
+    0xa7a1,
+    0xa7a3,
+    0xa7a5,
+    0xa7a7,
+    0xa7a9,
+    0xa7fa,
+    0x1d4bb,
+    0x1d7cb,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+bool islower(char32_t c) noexcept
+{
+    const char32_t* p;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, islowerr, nelem (islowerr) / 2, 2);
+
+    if (p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+        return true;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, islowers, nelem (islowers), 1);
+
+    if (p && c == p[0])
+        return true;
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t istitler[] = {
+    0x0041, 0x005a,
+    0x00c0, 0x00d6,
+    0x00d8, 0x00de,
+    0x0178, 0x0179,
+    0x0181, 0x0182,
+    0x0186, 0x0187,
+    0x0189, 0x018b,
+    0x018e, 0x0191,
+    0x0193, 0x0194,
+    0x0196, 0x0198,
+    0x019c, 0x019d,
+    0x019f, 0x01a0,
+    0x01a6, 0x01a7,
+    0x01ae, 0x01af,
+    0x01b1, 0x01b3,
+    0x01b7, 0x01b8,
+    0x01f6, 0x01f8,
+    0x023a, 0x023b,
+    0x023d, 0x023e,
+    0x0243, 0x0246,
+    0x0388, 0x038a,
+    0x038e, 0x038f,
+    0x0391, 0x03a1,
+    0x03a3, 0x03ab,
+    0x03f9, 0x03fa,
+    0x03fd, 0x042f,
+    0x04c0, 0x04c1,
+    0x0531, 0x0556,
+    0x10a0, 0x10c5,
+    0x1f08, 0x1f0f,
+    0x1f18, 0x1f1d,
+    0x1f28, 0x1f2f,
+    0x1f38, 0x1f3f,
+    0x1f48, 0x1f4d,
+    0x1f68, 0x1f6f,
+    0x1f88, 0x1f8f,
+    0x1f98, 0x1f9f,
+    0x1fa8, 0x1faf,
+    0x1fb8, 0x1fbc,
+    0x1fc8, 0x1fcc,
+    0x1fd8, 0x1fdb,
+    0x1fe8, 0x1fec,
+    0x1ff8, 0x1ffc,
+    0x2160, 0x216f,
+    0x24b6, 0x24cf,
+    0x2c00, 0x2c2e,
+    0x2c62, 0x2c64,
+    0x2c6d, 0x2c70,
+    0x2c7e, 0x2c80,
+    0xa77d, 0xa77e,
+    0xa7aa, 0xa7ad,
+    0xa7b0, 0xa7b1,
+    0xff21, 0xff3a,
+    0x10400, 0x10427,
+    0x118a0, 0x118bf,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t istitles[] = {
+    0x0100,
+    0x0102,
+    0x0104,
+    0x0106,
+    0x0108,
+    0x010a,
+    0x010c,
+    0x010e,
+    0x0110,
+    0x0112,
+    0x0114,
+    0x0116,
+    0x0118,
+    0x011a,
+    0x011c,
+    0x011e,
+    0x0120,
+    0x0122,
+    0x0124,
+    0x0126,
+    0x0128,
+    0x012a,
+    0x012c,
+    0x012e,
+    0x0132,
+    0x0134,
+    0x0136,
+    0x0139,
+    0x013b,
+    0x013d,
+    0x013f,
+    0x0141,
+    0x0143,
+    0x0145,
+    0x0147,
+    0x014a,
+    0x014c,
+    0x014e,
+    0x0150,
+    0x0152,
+    0x0154,
+    0x0156,
+    0x0158,
+    0x015a,
+    0x015c,
+    0x015e,
+    0x0160,
+    0x0162,
+    0x0164,
+    0x0166,
+    0x0168,
+    0x016a,
+    0x016c,
+    0x016e,
+    0x0170,
+    0x0172,
+    0x0174,
+    0x0176,
+    0x017b,
+    0x017d,
+    0x0184,
+    0x01a2,
+    0x01a4,
+    0x01a9,
+    0x01ac,
+    0x01b5,
+    0x01bc,
+    0x01c5,
+    0x01c8,
+    0x01cb,
+    0x01cd,
+    0x01cf,
+    0x01d1,
+    0x01d3,
+    0x01d5,
+    0x01d7,
+    0x01d9,
+    0x01db,
+    0x01de,
+    0x01e0,
+    0x01e2,
+    0x01e4,
+    0x01e6,
+    0x01e8,
+    0x01ea,
+    0x01ec,
+    0x01ee,
+    0x01f2,
+    0x01f4,
+    0x01fa,
+    0x01fc,
+    0x01fe,
+    0x0200,
+    0x0202,
+    0x0204,
+    0x0206,
+    0x0208,
+    0x020a,
+    0x020c,
+    0x020e,
+    0x0210,
+    0x0212,
+    0x0214,
+    0x0216,
+    0x0218,
+    0x021a,
+    0x021c,
+    0x021e,
+    0x0220,
+    0x0222,
+    0x0224,
+    0x0226,
+    0x0228,
+    0x022a,
+    0x022c,
+    0x022e,
+    0x0230,
+    0x0232,
+    0x0241,
+    0x0248,
+    0x024a,
+    0x024c,
+    0x024e,
+    0x0370,
+    0x0372,
+    0x0376,
+    0x037f,
+    0x0386,
+    0x038c,
+    0x03cf,
+    0x03d8,
+    0x03da,
+    0x03dc,
+    0x03de,
+    0x03e0,
+    0x03e2,
+    0x03e4,
+    0x03e6,
+    0x03e8,
+    0x03ea,
+    0x03ec,
+    0x03ee,
+    0x03f7,
+    0x0460,
+    0x0462,
+    0x0464,
+    0x0466,
+    0x0468,
+    0x046a,
+    0x046c,
+    0x046e,
+    0x0470,
+    0x0472,
+    0x0474,
+    0x0476,
+    0x0478,
+    0x047a,
+    0x047c,
+    0x047e,
+    0x0480,
+    0x048a,
+    0x048c,
+    0x048e,
+    0x0490,
+    0x0492,
+    0x0494,
+    0x0496,
+    0x0498,
+    0x049a,
+    0x049c,
+    0x049e,
+    0x04a0,
+    0x04a2,
+    0x04a4,
+    0x04a6,
+    0x04a8,
+    0x04aa,
+    0x04ac,
+    0x04ae,
+    0x04b0,
+    0x04b2,
+    0x04b4,
+    0x04b6,
+    0x04b8,
+    0x04ba,
+    0x04bc,
+    0x04be,
+    0x04c3,
+    0x04c5,
+    0x04c7,
+    0x04c9,
+    0x04cb,
+    0x04cd,
+    0x04d0,
+    0x04d2,
+    0x04d4,
+    0x04d6,
+    0x04d8,
+    0x04da,
+    0x04dc,
+    0x04de,
+    0x04e0,
+    0x04e2,
+    0x04e4,
+    0x04e6,
+    0x04e8,
+    0x04ea,
+    0x04ec,
+    0x04ee,
+    0x04f0,
+    0x04f2,
+    0x04f4,
+    0x04f6,
+    0x04f8,
+    0x04fa,
+    0x04fc,
+    0x04fe,
+    0x0500,
+    0x0502,
+    0x0504,
+    0x0506,
+    0x0508,
+    0x050a,
+    0x050c,
+    0x050e,
+    0x0510,
+    0x0512,
+    0x0514,
+    0x0516,
+    0x0518,
+    0x051a,
+    0x051c,
+    0x051e,
+    0x0520,
+    0x0522,
+    0x0524,
+    0x0526,
+    0x0528,
+    0x052a,
+    0x052c,
+    0x052e,
+    0x10c7,
+    0x10cd,
+    0x1e00,
+    0x1e02,
+    0x1e04,
+    0x1e06,
+    0x1e08,
+    0x1e0a,
+    0x1e0c,
+    0x1e0e,
+    0x1e10,
+    0x1e12,
+    0x1e14,
+    0x1e16,
+    0x1e18,
+    0x1e1a,
+    0x1e1c,
+    0x1e1e,
+    0x1e20,
+    0x1e22,
+    0x1e24,
+    0x1e26,
+    0x1e28,
+    0x1e2a,
+    0x1e2c,
+    0x1e2e,
+    0x1e30,
+    0x1e32,
+    0x1e34,
+    0x1e36,
+    0x1e38,
+    0x1e3a,
+    0x1e3c,
+    0x1e3e,
+    0x1e40,
+    0x1e42,
+    0x1e44,
+    0x1e46,
+    0x1e48,
+    0x1e4a,
+    0x1e4c,
+    0x1e4e,
+    0x1e50,
+    0x1e52,
+    0x1e54,
+    0x1e56,
+    0x1e58,
+    0x1e5a,
+    0x1e5c,
+    0x1e5e,
+    0x1e60,
+    0x1e62,
+    0x1e64,
+    0x1e66,
+    0x1e68,
+    0x1e6a,
+    0x1e6c,
+    0x1e6e,
+    0x1e70,
+    0x1e72,
+    0x1e74,
+    0x1e76,
+    0x1e78,
+    0x1e7a,
+    0x1e7c,
+    0x1e7e,
+    0x1e80,
+    0x1e82,
+    0x1e84,
+    0x1e86,
+    0x1e88,
+    0x1e8a,
+    0x1e8c,
+    0x1e8e,
+    0x1e90,
+    0x1e92,
+    0x1e94,
+    0x1ea0,
+    0x1ea2,
+    0x1ea4,
+    0x1ea6,
+    0x1ea8,
+    0x1eaa,
+    0x1eac,
+    0x1eae,
+    0x1eb0,
+    0x1eb2,
+    0x1eb4,
+    0x1eb6,
+    0x1eb8,
+    0x1eba,
+    0x1ebc,
+    0x1ebe,
+    0x1ec0,
+    0x1ec2,
+    0x1ec4,
+    0x1ec6,
+    0x1ec8,
+    0x1eca,
+    0x1ecc,
+    0x1ece,
+    0x1ed0,
+    0x1ed2,
+    0x1ed4,
+    0x1ed6,
+    0x1ed8,
+    0x1eda,
+    0x1edc,
+    0x1ede,
+    0x1ee0,
+    0x1ee2,
+    0x1ee4,
+    0x1ee6,
+    0x1ee8,
+    0x1eea,
+    0x1eec,
+    0x1eee,
+    0x1ef0,
+    0x1ef2,
+    0x1ef4,
+    0x1ef6,
+    0x1ef8,
+    0x1efa,
+    0x1efc,
+    0x1efe,
+    0x1f59,
+    0x1f5b,
+    0x1f5d,
+    0x1f5f,
+    0x2132,
+    0x2183,
+    0x2c60,
+    0x2c67,
+    0x2c69,
+    0x2c6b,
+    0x2c72,
+    0x2c75,
+    0x2c82,
+    0x2c84,
+    0x2c86,
+    0x2c88,
+    0x2c8a,
+    0x2c8c,
+    0x2c8e,
+    0x2c90,
+    0x2c92,
+    0x2c94,
+    0x2c96,
+    0x2c98,
+    0x2c9a,
+    0x2c9c,
+    0x2c9e,
+    0x2ca0,
+    0x2ca2,
+    0x2ca4,
+    0x2ca6,
+    0x2ca8,
+    0x2caa,
+    0x2cac,
+    0x2cae,
+    0x2cb0,
+    0x2cb2,
+    0x2cb4,
+    0x2cb6,
+    0x2cb8,
+    0x2cba,
+    0x2cbc,
+    0x2cbe,
+    0x2cc0,
+    0x2cc2,
+    0x2cc4,
+    0x2cc6,
+    0x2cc8,
+    0x2cca,
+    0x2ccc,
+    0x2cce,
+    0x2cd0,
+    0x2cd2,
+    0x2cd4,
+    0x2cd6,
+    0x2cd8,
+    0x2cda,
+    0x2cdc,
+    0x2cde,
+    0x2ce0,
+    0x2ce2,
+    0x2ceb,
+    0x2ced,
+    0x2cf2,
+    0xa640,
+    0xa642,
+    0xa644,
+    0xa646,
+    0xa648,
+    0xa64a,
+    0xa64c,
+    0xa64e,
+    0xa650,
+    0xa652,
+    0xa654,
+    0xa656,
+    0xa658,
+    0xa65a,
+    0xa65c,
+    0xa65e,
+    0xa660,
+    0xa662,
+    0xa664,
+    0xa666,
+    0xa668,
+    0xa66a,
+    0xa66c,
+    0xa680,
+    0xa682,
+    0xa684,
+    0xa686,
+    0xa688,
+    0xa68a,
+    0xa68c,
+    0xa68e,
+    0xa690,
+    0xa692,
+    0xa694,
+    0xa696,
+    0xa698,
+    0xa69a,
+    0xa722,
+    0xa724,
+    0xa726,
+    0xa728,
+    0xa72a,
+    0xa72c,
+    0xa72e,
+    0xa732,
+    0xa734,
+    0xa736,
+    0xa738,
+    0xa73a,
+    0xa73c,
+    0xa73e,
+    0xa740,
+    0xa742,
+    0xa744,
+    0xa746,
+    0xa748,
+    0xa74a,
+    0xa74c,
+    0xa74e,
+    0xa750,
+    0xa752,
+    0xa754,
+    0xa756,
+    0xa758,
+    0xa75a,
+    0xa75c,
+    0xa75e,
+    0xa760,
+    0xa762,
+    0xa764,
+    0xa766,
+    0xa768,
+    0xa76a,
+    0xa76c,
+    0xa76e,
+    0xa779,
+    0xa77b,
+    0xa780,
+    0xa782,
+    0xa784,
+    0xa786,
+    0xa78b,
+    0xa78d,
+    0xa790,
+    0xa792,
+    0xa796,
+    0xa798,
+    0xa79a,
+    0xa79c,
+    0xa79e,
+    0xa7a0,
+    0xa7a2,
+    0xa7a4,
+    0xa7a6,
+    0xa7a8,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+bool istitle(char32_t c) noexcept
+{
+    const char32_t* p;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, istitler, nelem (istitler) / 2, 2);
+
+    if (p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+        return true;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, istitles, nelem (istitles), 1);
+
+    if (p && c == p[0])
+        return true;
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t toupperr[] = {
+    0x0061, 0x007a, 1048544,
+    0x00e0, 0x00f6, 1048544,
+    0x00f8, 0x00fe, 1048544,
+    0x023f, 0x0240, 1059391,
+    0x0256, 0x0257, 1048371,
+    0x028a, 0x028b, 1048359,
+    0x037b, 0x037d, 1048706,
+    0x03ad, 0x03af, 1048539,
+    0x03b1, 0x03c1, 1048544,
+    0x03c3, 0x03cb, 1048544,
+    0x03cd, 0x03ce, 1048513,
+    0x0430, 0x044f, 1048544,
+    0x0450, 0x045f, 1048496,
+    0x0561, 0x0586, 1048528,
+    0x1f00, 0x1f07, 1048584,
+    0x1f10, 0x1f15, 1048584,
+    0x1f20, 0x1f27, 1048584,
+    0x1f30, 0x1f37, 1048584,
+    0x1f40, 0x1f45, 1048584,
+    0x1f60, 0x1f67, 1048584,
+    0x1f70, 0x1f71, 1048650,
+    0x1f72, 0x1f75, 1048662,
+    0x1f76, 0x1f77, 1048676,
+    0x1f78, 0x1f79, 1048704,
+    0x1f7a, 0x1f7b, 1048688,
+    0x1f7c, 0x1f7d, 1048702,
+    0x1f80, 0x1f87, 1048584,
+    0x1f90, 0x1f97, 1048584,
+    0x1fa0, 0x1fa7, 1048584,
+    0x1fb0, 0x1fb1, 1048584,
+    0x1fd0, 0x1fd1, 1048584,
+    0x1fe0, 0x1fe1, 1048584,
+    0x2170, 0x217f, 1048560,
+    0x24d0, 0x24e9, 1048550,
+    0x2c30, 0x2c5e, 1048528,
+    0x2d00, 0x2d25, 1041312,
+    0xff41, 0xff5a, 1048544,
+    0x10428, 0x1044f, 1048536,
+    0x118c0, 0x118df, 1048544,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t touppers[] = {
+    0x00b5, 1049319,
+    0x00ff, 1048697,
+    0x0101, 1048575,
+    0x0103, 1048575,
+    0x0105, 1048575,
+    0x0107, 1048575,
+    0x0109, 1048575,
+    0x010b, 1048575,
+    0x010d, 1048575,
+    0x010f, 1048575,
+    0x0111, 1048575,
+    0x0113, 1048575,
+    0x0115, 1048575,
+    0x0117, 1048575,
+    0x0119, 1048575,
+    0x011b, 1048575,
+    0x011d, 1048575,
+    0x011f, 1048575,
+    0x0121, 1048575,
+    0x0123, 1048575,
+    0x0125, 1048575,
+    0x0127, 1048575,
+    0x0129, 1048575,
+    0x012b, 1048575,
+    0x012d, 1048575,
+    0x012f, 1048575,
+    0x0131, 1048344,
+    0x0133, 1048575,
+    0x0135, 1048575,
+    0x0137, 1048575,
+    0x013a, 1048575,
+    0x013c, 1048575,
+    0x013e, 1048575,
+    0x0140, 1048575,
+    0x0142, 1048575,
+    0x0144, 1048575,
+    0x0146, 1048575,
+    0x0148, 1048575,
+    0x014b, 1048575,
+    0x014d, 1048575,
+    0x014f, 1048575,
+    0x0151, 1048575,
+    0x0153, 1048575,
+    0x0155, 1048575,
+    0x0157, 1048575,
+    0x0159, 1048575,
+    0x015b, 1048575,
+    0x015d, 1048575,
+    0x015f, 1048575,
+    0x0161, 1048575,
+    0x0163, 1048575,
+    0x0165, 1048575,
+    0x0167, 1048575,
+    0x0169, 1048575,
+    0x016b, 1048575,
+    0x016d, 1048575,
+    0x016f, 1048575,
+    0x0171, 1048575,
+    0x0173, 1048575,
+    0x0175, 1048575,
+    0x0177, 1048575,
+    0x017a, 1048575,
+    0x017c, 1048575,
+    0x017e, 1048575,
+    0x017f, 1048276,
+    0x0180, 1048771,
+    0x0183, 1048575,
+    0x0185, 1048575,
+    0x0188, 1048575,
+    0x018c, 1048575,
+    0x0192, 1048575,
+    0x0195, 1048673,
+    0x0199, 1048575,
+    0x019a, 1048739,
+    0x019e, 1048706,
+    0x01a1, 1048575,
+    0x01a3, 1048575,
+    0x01a5, 1048575,
+    0x01a8, 1048575,
+    0x01ad, 1048575,
+    0x01b0, 1048575,
+    0x01b4, 1048575,
+    0x01b6, 1048575,
+    0x01b9, 1048575,
+    0x01bd, 1048575,
+    0x01bf, 1048632,
+    0x01c5, 1048575,
+    0x01c6, 1048574,
+    0x01c8, 1048575,
+    0x01c9, 1048574,
+    0x01cb, 1048575,
+    0x01cc, 1048574,
+    0x01ce, 1048575,
+    0x01d0, 1048575,
+    0x01d2, 1048575,
+    0x01d4, 1048575,
+    0x01d6, 1048575,
+    0x01d8, 1048575,
+    0x01da, 1048575,
+    0x01dc, 1048575,
+    0x01dd, 1048497,
+    0x01df, 1048575,
+    0x01e1, 1048575,
+    0x01e3, 1048575,
+    0x01e5, 1048575,
+    0x01e7, 1048575,
+    0x01e9, 1048575,
+    0x01eb, 1048575,
+    0x01ed, 1048575,
+    0x01ef, 1048575,
+    0x01f2, 1048575,
+    0x01f3, 1048574,
+    0x01f5, 1048575,
+    0x01f9, 1048575,
+    0x01fb, 1048575,
+    0x01fd, 1048575,
+    0x01ff, 1048575,
+    0x0201, 1048575,
+    0x0203, 1048575,
+    0x0205, 1048575,
+    0x0207, 1048575,
+    0x0209, 1048575,
+    0x020b, 1048575,
+    0x020d, 1048575,
+    0x020f, 1048575,
+    0x0211, 1048575,
+    0x0213, 1048575,
+    0x0215, 1048575,
+    0x0217, 1048575,
+    0x0219, 1048575,
+    0x021b, 1048575,
+    0x021d, 1048575,
+    0x021f, 1048575,
+    0x0223, 1048575,
+    0x0225, 1048575,
+    0x0227, 1048575,
+    0x0229, 1048575,
+    0x022b, 1048575,
+    0x022d, 1048575,
+    0x022f, 1048575,
+    0x0231, 1048575,
+    0x0233, 1048575,
+    0x023c, 1048575,
+    0x0242, 1048575,
+    0x0247, 1048575,
+    0x0249, 1048575,
+    0x024b, 1048575,
+    0x024d, 1048575,
+    0x024f, 1048575,
+    0x0250, 1059359,
+    0x0251, 1059356,
+    0x0252, 1059358,
+    0x0253, 1048366,
+    0x0254, 1048370,
+    0x0259, 1048374,
+    0x025b, 1048373,
+    0x025c, 1090895,
+    0x0260, 1048371,
+    0x0261, 1090891,
+    0x0263, 1048369,
+    0x0265, 1090856,
+    0x0266, 1090884,
+    0x0268, 1048367,
+    0x0269, 1048365,
+    0x026b, 1059319,
+    0x026c, 1090881,
+    0x026f, 1048365,
+    0x0271, 1059325,
+    0x0272, 1048363,
+    0x0275, 1048362,
+    0x027d, 1059303,
+    0x0280, 1048358,
+    0x0283, 1048358,
+    0x0287, 1090858,
+    0x0288, 1048358,
+    0x0289, 1048507,
+    0x028c, 1048505,
+    0x0292, 1048357,
+    0x029e, 1090834,
+    0x0345, 1048660,
+    0x0371, 1048575,
+    0x0373, 1048575,
+    0x0377, 1048575,
+    0x03ac, 1048538,
+    0x03c2, 1048545,
+    0x03cc, 1048512,
+    0x03d0, 1048514,
+    0x03d1, 1048519,
+    0x03d5, 1048529,
+    0x03d6, 1048522,
+    0x03d7, 1048568,
+    0x03d9, 1048575,
+    0x03db, 1048575,
+    0x03dd, 1048575,
+    0x03df, 1048575,
+    0x03e1, 1048575,
+    0x03e3, 1048575,
+    0x03e5, 1048575,
+    0x03e7, 1048575,
+    0x03e9, 1048575,
+    0x03eb, 1048575,
+    0x03ed, 1048575,
+    0x03ef, 1048575,
+    0x03f0, 1048490,
+    0x03f1, 1048496,
+    0x03f2, 1048583,
+    0x03f3, 1048460,
+    0x03f5, 1048480,
+    0x03f8, 1048575,
+    0x03fb, 1048575,
+    0x0461, 1048575,
+    0x0463, 1048575,
+    0x0465, 1048575,
+    0x0467, 1048575,
+    0x0469, 1048575,
+    0x046b, 1048575,
+    0x046d, 1048575,
+    0x046f, 1048575,
+    0x0471, 1048575,
+    0x0473, 1048575,
+    0x0475, 1048575,
+    0x0477, 1048575,
+    0x0479, 1048575,
+    0x047b, 1048575,
+    0x047d, 1048575,
+    0x047f, 1048575,
+    0x0481, 1048575,
+    0x048b, 1048575,
+    0x048d, 1048575,
+    0x048f, 1048575,
+    0x0491, 1048575,
+    0x0493, 1048575,
+    0x0495, 1048575,
+    0x0497, 1048575,
+    0x0499, 1048575,
+    0x049b, 1048575,
+    0x049d, 1048575,
+    0x049f, 1048575,
+    0x04a1, 1048575,
+    0x04a3, 1048575,
+    0x04a5, 1048575,
+    0x04a7, 1048575,
+    0x04a9, 1048575,
+    0x04ab, 1048575,
+    0x04ad, 1048575,
+    0x04af, 1048575,
+    0x04b1, 1048575,
+    0x04b3, 1048575,
+    0x04b5, 1048575,
+    0x04b7, 1048575,
+    0x04b9, 1048575,
+    0x04bb, 1048575,
+    0x04bd, 1048575,
+    0x04bf, 1048575,
+    0x04c2, 1048575,
+    0x04c4, 1048575,
+    0x04c6, 1048575,
+    0x04c8, 1048575,
+    0x04ca, 1048575,
+    0x04cc, 1048575,
+    0x04ce, 1048575,
+    0x04cf, 1048561,
+    0x04d1, 1048575,
+    0x04d3, 1048575,
+    0x04d5, 1048575,
+    0x04d7, 1048575,
+    0x04d9, 1048575,
+    0x04db, 1048575,
+    0x04dd, 1048575,
+    0x04df, 1048575,
+    0x04e1, 1048575,
+    0x04e3, 1048575,
+    0x04e5, 1048575,
+    0x04e7, 1048575,
+    0x04e9, 1048575,
+    0x04eb, 1048575,
+    0x04ed, 1048575,
+    0x04ef, 1048575,
+    0x04f1, 1048575,
+    0x04f3, 1048575,
+    0x04f5, 1048575,
+    0x04f7, 1048575,
+    0x04f9, 1048575,
+    0x04fb, 1048575,
+    0x04fd, 1048575,
+    0x04ff, 1048575,
+    0x0501, 1048575,
+    0x0503, 1048575,
+    0x0505, 1048575,
+    0x0507, 1048575,
+    0x0509, 1048575,
+    0x050b, 1048575,
+    0x050d, 1048575,
+    0x050f, 1048575,
+    0x0511, 1048575,
+    0x0513, 1048575,
+    0x0515, 1048575,
+    0x0517, 1048575,
+    0x0519, 1048575,
+    0x051b, 1048575,
+    0x051d, 1048575,
+    0x051f, 1048575,
+    0x0521, 1048575,
+    0x0523, 1048575,
+    0x0525, 1048575,
+    0x0527, 1048575,
+    0x0529, 1048575,
+    0x052b, 1048575,
+    0x052d, 1048575,
+    0x052f, 1048575,
+    0x1d79, 1083908,
+    0x1d7d, 1052390,
+    0x1e01, 1048575,
+    0x1e03, 1048575,
+    0x1e05, 1048575,
+    0x1e07, 1048575,
+    0x1e09, 1048575,
+    0x1e0b, 1048575,
+    0x1e0d, 1048575,
+    0x1e0f, 1048575,
+    0x1e11, 1048575,
+    0x1e13, 1048575,
+    0x1e15, 1048575,
+    0x1e17, 1048575,
+    0x1e19, 1048575,
+    0x1e1b, 1048575,
+    0x1e1d, 1048575,
+    0x1e1f, 1048575,
+    0x1e21, 1048575,
+    0x1e23, 1048575,
+    0x1e25, 1048575,
+    0x1e27, 1048575,
+    0x1e29, 1048575,
+    0x1e2b, 1048575,
+    0x1e2d, 1048575,
+    0x1e2f, 1048575,
+    0x1e31, 1048575,
+    0x1e33, 1048575,
+    0x1e35, 1048575,
+    0x1e37, 1048575,
+    0x1e39, 1048575,
+    0x1e3b, 1048575,
+    0x1e3d, 1048575,
+    0x1e3f, 1048575,
+    0x1e41, 1048575,
+    0x1e43, 1048575,
+    0x1e45, 1048575,
+    0x1e47, 1048575,
+    0x1e49, 1048575,
+    0x1e4b, 1048575,
+    0x1e4d, 1048575,
+    0x1e4f, 1048575,
+    0x1e51, 1048575,
+    0x1e53, 1048575,
+    0x1e55, 1048575,
+    0x1e57, 1048575,
+    0x1e59, 1048575,
+    0x1e5b, 1048575,
+    0x1e5d, 1048575,
+    0x1e5f, 1048575,
+    0x1e61, 1048575,
+    0x1e63, 1048575,
+    0x1e65, 1048575,
+    0x1e67, 1048575,
+    0x1e69, 1048575,
+    0x1e6b, 1048575,
+    0x1e6d, 1048575,
+    0x1e6f, 1048575,
+    0x1e71, 1048575,
+    0x1e73, 1048575,
+    0x1e75, 1048575,
+    0x1e77, 1048575,
+    0x1e79, 1048575,
+    0x1e7b, 1048575,
+    0x1e7d, 1048575,
+    0x1e7f, 1048575,
+    0x1e81, 1048575,
+    0x1e83, 1048575,
+    0x1e85, 1048575,
+    0x1e87, 1048575,
+    0x1e89, 1048575,
+    0x1e8b, 1048575,
+    0x1e8d, 1048575,
+    0x1e8f, 1048575,
+    0x1e91, 1048575,
+    0x1e93, 1048575,
+    0x1e95, 1048575,
+    0x1e9b, 1048517,
+    0x1ea1, 1048575,
+    0x1ea3, 1048575,
+    0x1ea5, 1048575,
+    0x1ea7, 1048575,
+    0x1ea9, 1048575,
+    0x1eab, 1048575,
+    0x1ead, 1048575,
+    0x1eaf, 1048575,
+    0x1eb1, 1048575,
+    0x1eb3, 1048575,
+    0x1eb5, 1048575,
+    0x1eb7, 1048575,
+    0x1eb9, 1048575,
+    0x1ebb, 1048575,
+    0x1ebd, 1048575,
+    0x1ebf, 1048575,
+    0x1ec1, 1048575,
+    0x1ec3, 1048575,
+    0x1ec5, 1048575,
+    0x1ec7, 1048575,
+    0x1ec9, 1048575,
+    0x1ecb, 1048575,
+    0x1ecd, 1048575,
+    0x1ecf, 1048575,
+    0x1ed1, 1048575,
+    0x1ed3, 1048575,
+    0x1ed5, 1048575,
+    0x1ed7, 1048575,
+    0x1ed9, 1048575,
+    0x1edb, 1048575,
+    0x1edd, 1048575,
+    0x1edf, 1048575,
+    0x1ee1, 1048575,
+    0x1ee3, 1048575,
+    0x1ee5, 1048575,
+    0x1ee7, 1048575,
+    0x1ee9, 1048575,
+    0x1eeb, 1048575,
+    0x1eed, 1048575,
+    0x1eef, 1048575,
+    0x1ef1, 1048575,
+    0x1ef3, 1048575,
+    0x1ef5, 1048575,
+    0x1ef7, 1048575,
+    0x1ef9, 1048575,
+    0x1efb, 1048575,
+    0x1efd, 1048575,
+    0x1eff, 1048575,
+    0x1f51, 1048584,
+    0x1f53, 1048584,
+    0x1f55, 1048584,
+    0x1f57, 1048584,
+    0x1fb3, 1048585,
+    0x1fbe, 1041371,
+    0x1fc3, 1048585,
+    0x1fe5, 1048583,
+    0x1ff3, 1048585,
+    0x214e, 1048548,
+    0x2184, 1048575,
+    0x2c61, 1048575,
+    0x2c65, 1037781,
+    0x2c66, 1037784,
+    0x2c68, 1048575,
+    0x2c6a, 1048575,
+    0x2c6c, 1048575,
+    0x2c73, 1048575,
+    0x2c76, 1048575,
+    0x2c81, 1048575,
+    0x2c83, 1048575,
+    0x2c85, 1048575,
+    0x2c87, 1048575,
+    0x2c89, 1048575,
+    0x2c8b, 1048575,
+    0x2c8d, 1048575,
+    0x2c8f, 1048575,
+    0x2c91, 1048575,
+    0x2c93, 1048575,
+    0x2c95, 1048575,
+    0x2c97, 1048575,
+    0x2c99, 1048575,
+    0x2c9b, 1048575,
+    0x2c9d, 1048575,
+    0x2c9f, 1048575,
+    0x2ca1, 1048575,
+    0x2ca3, 1048575,
+    0x2ca5, 1048575,
+    0x2ca7, 1048575,
+    0x2ca9, 1048575,
+    0x2cab, 1048575,
+    0x2cad, 1048575,
+    0x2caf, 1048575,
+    0x2cb1, 1048575,
+    0x2cb3, 1048575,
+    0x2cb5, 1048575,
+    0x2cb7, 1048575,
+    0x2cb9, 1048575,
+    0x2cbb, 1048575,
+    0x2cbd, 1048575,
+    0x2cbf, 1048575,
+    0x2cc1, 1048575,
+    0x2cc3, 1048575,
+    0x2cc5, 1048575,
+    0x2cc7, 1048575,
+    0x2cc9, 1048575,
+    0x2ccb, 1048575,
+    0x2ccd, 1048575,
+    0x2ccf, 1048575,
+    0x2cd1, 1048575,
+    0x2cd3, 1048575,
+    0x2cd5, 1048575,
+    0x2cd7, 1048575,
+    0x2cd9, 1048575,
+    0x2cdb, 1048575,
+    0x2cdd, 1048575,
+    0x2cdf, 1048575,
+    0x2ce1, 1048575,
+    0x2ce3, 1048575,
+    0x2cec, 1048575,
+    0x2cee, 1048575,
+    0x2cf3, 1048575,
+    0x2d27, 1041312,
+    0x2d2d, 1041312,
+    0xa641, 1048575,
+    0xa643, 1048575,
+    0xa645, 1048575,
+    0xa647, 1048575,
+    0xa649, 1048575,
+    0xa64b, 1048575,
+    0xa64d, 1048575,
+    0xa64f, 1048575,
+    0xa651, 1048575,
+    0xa653, 1048575,
+    0xa655, 1048575,
+    0xa657, 1048575,
+    0xa659, 1048575,
+    0xa65b, 1048575,
+    0xa65d, 1048575,
+    0xa65f, 1048575,
+    0xa661, 1048575,
+    0xa663, 1048575,
+    0xa665, 1048575,
+    0xa667, 1048575,
+    0xa669, 1048575,
+    0xa66b, 1048575,
+    0xa66d, 1048575,
+    0xa681, 1048575,
+    0xa683, 1048575,
+    0xa685, 1048575,
+    0xa687, 1048575,
+    0xa689, 1048575,
+    0xa68b, 1048575,
+    0xa68d, 1048575,
+    0xa68f, 1048575,
+    0xa691, 1048575,
+    0xa693, 1048575,
+    0xa695, 1048575,
+    0xa697, 1048575,
+    0xa699, 1048575,
+    0xa69b, 1048575,
+    0xa723, 1048575,
+    0xa725, 1048575,
+    0xa727, 1048575,
+    0xa729, 1048575,
+    0xa72b, 1048575,
+    0xa72d, 1048575,
+    0xa72f, 1048575,
+    0xa733, 1048575,
+    0xa735, 1048575,
+    0xa737, 1048575,
+    0xa739, 1048575,
+    0xa73b, 1048575,
+    0xa73d, 1048575,
+    0xa73f, 1048575,
+    0xa741, 1048575,
+    0xa743, 1048575,
+    0xa745, 1048575,
+    0xa747, 1048575,
+    0xa749, 1048575,
+    0xa74b, 1048575,
+    0xa74d, 1048575,
+    0xa74f, 1048575,
+    0xa751, 1048575,
+    0xa753, 1048575,
+    0xa755, 1048575,
+    0xa757, 1048575,
+    0xa759, 1048575,
+    0xa75b, 1048575,
+    0xa75d, 1048575,
+    0xa75f, 1048575,
+    0xa761, 1048575,
+    0xa763, 1048575,
+    0xa765, 1048575,
+    0xa767, 1048575,
+    0xa769, 1048575,
+    0xa76b, 1048575,
+    0xa76d, 1048575,
+    0xa76f, 1048575,
+    0xa77a, 1048575,
+    0xa77c, 1048575,
+    0xa77f, 1048575,
+    0xa781, 1048575,
+    0xa783, 1048575,
+    0xa785, 1048575,
+    0xa787, 1048575,
+    0xa78c, 1048575,
+    0xa791, 1048575,
+    0xa793, 1048575,
+    0xa797, 1048575,
+    0xa799, 1048575,
+    0xa79b, 1048575,
+    0xa79d, 1048575,
+    0xa79f, 1048575,
+    0xa7a1, 1048575,
+    0xa7a3, 1048575,
+    0xa7a5, 1048575,
+    0xa7a7, 1048575,
+    0xa7a9, 1048575,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+char32_t toupper(char32_t c) noexcept
+{
+    const char32_t* p;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, toupperr, nelem (toupperr) / 3, 3);
+
+    if (p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+        return c + p[2] - 1048576;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, touppers, nelem (touppers) / 2, 2);
+
+    if (p && c == p[0])
+        return c + p[1] - 1048576;
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t tolowerr[] = {
+    0x0041, 0x005a, 1048608,
+    0x00c0, 0x00d6, 1048608,
+    0x00d8, 0x00de, 1048608,
+    0x0189, 0x018a, 1048781,
+    0x01b1, 0x01b2, 1048793,
+    0x0388, 0x038a, 1048613,
+    0x038e, 0x038f, 1048639,
+    0x0391, 0x03a1, 1048608,
+    0x03a3, 0x03ab, 1048608,
+    0x03fd, 0x03ff, 1048446,
+    0x0400, 0x040f, 1048656,
+    0x0410, 0x042f, 1048608,
+    0x0531, 0x0556, 1048624,
+    0x10a0, 0x10c5, 1055840,
+    0x1f08, 0x1f0f, 1048568,
+    0x1f18, 0x1f1d, 1048568,
+    0x1f28, 0x1f2f, 1048568,
+    0x1f38, 0x1f3f, 1048568,
+    0x1f48, 0x1f4d, 1048568,
+    0x1f68, 0x1f6f, 1048568,
+    0x1f88, 0x1f8f, 1048568,
+    0x1f98, 0x1f9f, 1048568,
+    0x1fa8, 0x1faf, 1048568,
+    0x1fb8, 0x1fb9, 1048568,
+    0x1fba, 0x1fbb, 1048502,
+    0x1fc8, 0x1fcb, 1048490,
+    0x1fd8, 0x1fd9, 1048568,
+    0x1fda, 0x1fdb, 1048476,
+    0x1fe8, 0x1fe9, 1048568,
+    0x1fea, 0x1feb, 1048464,
+    0x1ff8, 0x1ff9, 1048448,
+    0x1ffa, 0x1ffb, 1048450,
+    0x2160, 0x216f, 1048592,
+    0x24b6, 0x24cf, 1048602,
+    0x2c00, 0x2c2e, 1048624,
+    0x2c7e, 0x2c7f, 1037761,
+    0xff21, 0xff3a, 1048608,
+    0x10400, 0x10427, 1048616,
+    0x118a0, 0x118bf, 1048608,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t tolowers[] = {
+    0x0100, 1048577,
+    0x0102, 1048577,
+    0x0104, 1048577,
+    0x0106, 1048577,
+    0x0108, 1048577,
+    0x010a, 1048577,
+    0x010c, 1048577,
+    0x010e, 1048577,
+    0x0110, 1048577,
+    0x0112, 1048577,
+    0x0114, 1048577,
+    0x0116, 1048577,
+    0x0118, 1048577,
+    0x011a, 1048577,
+    0x011c, 1048577,
+    0x011e, 1048577,
+    0x0120, 1048577,
+    0x0122, 1048577,
+    0x0124, 1048577,
+    0x0126, 1048577,
+    0x0128, 1048577,
+    0x012a, 1048577,
+    0x012c, 1048577,
+    0x012e, 1048577,
+    0x0130, 1048377,
+    0x0132, 1048577,
+    0x0134, 1048577,
+    0x0136, 1048577,
+    0x0139, 1048577,
+    0x013b, 1048577,
+    0x013d, 1048577,
+    0x013f, 1048577,
+    0x0141, 1048577,
+    0x0143, 1048577,
+    0x0145, 1048577,
+    0x0147, 1048577,
+    0x014a, 1048577,
+    0x014c, 1048577,
+    0x014e, 1048577,
+    0x0150, 1048577,
+    0x0152, 1048577,
+    0x0154, 1048577,
+    0x0156, 1048577,
+    0x0158, 1048577,
+    0x015a, 1048577,
+    0x015c, 1048577,
+    0x015e, 1048577,
+    0x0160, 1048577,
+    0x0162, 1048577,
+    0x0164, 1048577,
+    0x0166, 1048577,
+    0x0168, 1048577,
+    0x016a, 1048577,
+    0x016c, 1048577,
+    0x016e, 1048577,
+    0x0170, 1048577,
+    0x0172, 1048577,
+    0x0174, 1048577,
+    0x0176, 1048577,
+    0x0178, 1048455,
+    0x0179, 1048577,
+    0x017b, 1048577,
+    0x017d, 1048577,
+    0x0181, 1048786,
+    0x0182, 1048577,
+    0x0184, 1048577,
+    0x0186, 1048782,
+    0x0187, 1048577,
+    0x018b, 1048577,
+    0x018e, 1048655,
+    0x018f, 1048778,
+    0x0190, 1048779,
+    0x0191, 1048577,
+    0x0193, 1048781,
+    0x0194, 1048783,
+    0x0196, 1048787,
+    0x0197, 1048785,
+    0x0198, 1048577,
+    0x019c, 1048787,
+    0x019d, 1048789,
+    0x019f, 1048790,
+    0x01a0, 1048577,
+    0x01a2, 1048577,
+    0x01a4, 1048577,
+    0x01a6, 1048794,
+    0x01a7, 1048577,
+    0x01a9, 1048794,
+    0x01ac, 1048577,
+    0x01ae, 1048794,
+    0x01af, 1048577,
+    0x01b3, 1048577,
+    0x01b5, 1048577,
+    0x01b7, 1048795,
+    0x01b8, 1048577,
+    0x01bc, 1048577,
+    0x01c4, 1048578,
+    0x01c5, 1048577,
+    0x01c7, 1048578,
+    0x01c8, 1048577,
+    0x01ca, 1048578,
+    0x01cb, 1048577,
+    0x01cd, 1048577,
+    0x01cf, 1048577,
+    0x01d1, 1048577,
+    0x01d3, 1048577,
+    0x01d5, 1048577,
+    0x01d7, 1048577,
+    0x01d9, 1048577,
+    0x01db, 1048577,
+    0x01de, 1048577,
+    0x01e0, 1048577,
+    0x01e2, 1048577,
+    0x01e4, 1048577,
+    0x01e6, 1048577,
+    0x01e8, 1048577,
+    0x01ea, 1048577,
+    0x01ec, 1048577,
+    0x01ee, 1048577,
+    0x01f1, 1048578,
+    0x01f2, 1048577,
+    0x01f4, 1048577,
+    0x01f6, 1048479,
+    0x01f7, 1048520,
+    0x01f8, 1048577,
+    0x01fa, 1048577,
+    0x01fc, 1048577,
+    0x01fe, 1048577,
+    0x0200, 1048577,
+    0x0202, 1048577,
+    0x0204, 1048577,
+    0x0206, 1048577,
+    0x0208, 1048577,
+    0x020a, 1048577,
+    0x020c, 1048577,
+    0x020e, 1048577,
+    0x0210, 1048577,
+    0x0212, 1048577,
+    0x0214, 1048577,
+    0x0216, 1048577,
+    0x0218, 1048577,
+    0x021a, 1048577,
+    0x021c, 1048577,
+    0x021e, 1048577,
+    0x0220, 1048446,
+    0x0222, 1048577,
+    0x0224, 1048577,
+    0x0226, 1048577,
+    0x0228, 1048577,
+    0x022a, 1048577,
+    0x022c, 1048577,
+    0x022e, 1048577,
+    0x0230, 1048577,
+    0x0232, 1048577,
+    0x023a, 1059371,
+    0x023b, 1048577,
+    0x023d, 1048413,
+    0x023e, 1059368,
+    0x0241, 1048577,
+    0x0243, 1048381,
+    0x0244, 1048645,
+    0x0245, 1048647,
+    0x0246, 1048577,
+    0x0248, 1048577,
+    0x024a, 1048577,
+    0x024c, 1048577,
+    0x024e, 1048577,
+    0x0370, 1048577,
+    0x0372, 1048577,
+    0x0376, 1048577,
+    0x037f, 1048692,
+    0x0386, 1048614,
+    0x038c, 1048640,
+    0x03cf, 1048584,
+    0x03d8, 1048577,
+    0x03da, 1048577,
+    0x03dc, 1048577,
+    0x03de, 1048577,
+    0x03e0, 1048577,
+    0x03e2, 1048577,
+    0x03e4, 1048577,
+    0x03e6, 1048577,
+    0x03e8, 1048577,
+    0x03ea, 1048577,
+    0x03ec, 1048577,
+    0x03ee, 1048577,
+    0x03f4, 1048516,
+    0x03f7, 1048577,
+    0x03f9, 1048569,
+    0x03fa, 1048577,
+    0x0460, 1048577,
+    0x0462, 1048577,
+    0x0464, 1048577,
+    0x0466, 1048577,
+    0x0468, 1048577,
+    0x046a, 1048577,
+    0x046c, 1048577,
+    0x046e, 1048577,
+    0x0470, 1048577,
+    0x0472, 1048577,
+    0x0474, 1048577,
+    0x0476, 1048577,
+    0x0478, 1048577,
+    0x047a, 1048577,
+    0x047c, 1048577,
+    0x047e, 1048577,
+    0x0480, 1048577,
+    0x048a, 1048577,
+    0x048c, 1048577,
+    0x048e, 1048577,
+    0x0490, 1048577,
+    0x0492, 1048577,
+    0x0494, 1048577,
+    0x0496, 1048577,
+    0x0498, 1048577,
+    0x049a, 1048577,
+    0x049c, 1048577,
+    0x049e, 1048577,
+    0x04a0, 1048577,
+    0x04a2, 1048577,
+    0x04a4, 1048577,
+    0x04a6, 1048577,
+    0x04a8, 1048577,
+    0x04aa, 1048577,
+    0x04ac, 1048577,
+    0x04ae, 1048577,
+    0x04b0, 1048577,
+    0x04b2, 1048577,
+    0x04b4, 1048577,
+    0x04b6, 1048577,
+    0x04b8, 1048577,
+    0x04ba, 1048577,
+    0x04bc, 1048577,
+    0x04be, 1048577,
+    0x04c0, 1048591,
+    0x04c1, 1048577,
+    0x04c3, 1048577,
+    0x04c5, 1048577,
+    0x04c7, 1048577,
+    0x04c9, 1048577,
+    0x04cb, 1048577,
+    0x04cd, 1048577,
+    0x04d0, 1048577,
+    0x04d2, 1048577,
+    0x04d4, 1048577,
+    0x04d6, 1048577,
+    0x04d8, 1048577,
+    0x04da, 1048577,
+    0x04dc, 1048577,
+    0x04de, 1048577,
+    0x04e0, 1048577,
+    0x04e2, 1048577,
+    0x04e4, 1048577,
+    0x04e6, 1048577,
+    0x04e8, 1048577,
+    0x04ea, 1048577,
+    0x04ec, 1048577,
+    0x04ee, 1048577,
+    0x04f0, 1048577,
+    0x04f2, 1048577,
+    0x04f4, 1048577,
+    0x04f6, 1048577,
+    0x04f8, 1048577,
+    0x04fa, 1048577,
+    0x04fc, 1048577,
+    0x04fe, 1048577,
+    0x0500, 1048577,
+    0x0502, 1048577,
+    0x0504, 1048577,
+    0x0506, 1048577,
+    0x0508, 1048577,
+    0x050a, 1048577,
+    0x050c, 1048577,
+    0x050e, 1048577,
+    0x0510, 1048577,
+    0x0512, 1048577,
+    0x0514, 1048577,
+    0x0516, 1048577,
+    0x0518, 1048577,
+    0x051a, 1048577,
+    0x051c, 1048577,
+    0x051e, 1048577,
+    0x0520, 1048577,
+    0x0522, 1048577,
+    0x0524, 1048577,
+    0x0526, 1048577,
+    0x0528, 1048577,
+    0x052a, 1048577,
+    0x052c, 1048577,
+    0x052e, 1048577,
+    0x10c7, 1055840,
+    0x10cd, 1055840,
+    0x1e00, 1048577,
+    0x1e02, 1048577,
+    0x1e04, 1048577,
+    0x1e06, 1048577,
+    0x1e08, 1048577,
+    0x1e0a, 1048577,
+    0x1e0c, 1048577,
+    0x1e0e, 1048577,
+    0x1e10, 1048577,
+    0x1e12, 1048577,
+    0x1e14, 1048577,
+    0x1e16, 1048577,
+    0x1e18, 1048577,
+    0x1e1a, 1048577,
+    0x1e1c, 1048577,
+    0x1e1e, 1048577,
+    0x1e20, 1048577,
+    0x1e22, 1048577,
+    0x1e24, 1048577,
+    0x1e26, 1048577,
+    0x1e28, 1048577,
+    0x1e2a, 1048577,
+    0x1e2c, 1048577,
+    0x1e2e, 1048577,
+    0x1e30, 1048577,
+    0x1e32, 1048577,
+    0x1e34, 1048577,
+    0x1e36, 1048577,
+    0x1e38, 1048577,
+    0x1e3a, 1048577,
+    0x1e3c, 1048577,
+    0x1e3e, 1048577,
+    0x1e40, 1048577,
+    0x1e42, 1048577,
+    0x1e44, 1048577,
+    0x1e46, 1048577,
+    0x1e48, 1048577,
+    0x1e4a, 1048577,
+    0x1e4c, 1048577,
+    0x1e4e, 1048577,
+    0x1e50, 1048577,
+    0x1e52, 1048577,
+    0x1e54, 1048577,
+    0x1e56, 1048577,
+    0x1e58, 1048577,
+    0x1e5a, 1048577,
+    0x1e5c, 1048577,
+    0x1e5e, 1048577,
+    0x1e60, 1048577,
+    0x1e62, 1048577,
+    0x1e64, 1048577,
+    0x1e66, 1048577,
+    0x1e68, 1048577,
+    0x1e6a, 1048577,
+    0x1e6c, 1048577,
+    0x1e6e, 1048577,
+    0x1e70, 1048577,
+    0x1e72, 1048577,
+    0x1e74, 1048577,
+    0x1e76, 1048577,
+    0x1e78, 1048577,
+    0x1e7a, 1048577,
+    0x1e7c, 1048577,
+    0x1e7e, 1048577,
+    0x1e80, 1048577,
+    0x1e82, 1048577,
+    0x1e84, 1048577,
+    0x1e86, 1048577,
+    0x1e88, 1048577,
+    0x1e8a, 1048577,
+    0x1e8c, 1048577,
+    0x1e8e, 1048577,
+    0x1e90, 1048577,
+    0x1e92, 1048577,
+    0x1e94, 1048577,
+    0x1e9e, 1040961,
+    0x1ea0, 1048577,
+    0x1ea2, 1048577,
+    0x1ea4, 1048577,
+    0x1ea6, 1048577,
+    0x1ea8, 1048577,
+    0x1eaa, 1048577,
+    0x1eac, 1048577,
+    0x1eae, 1048577,
+    0x1eb0, 1048577,
+    0x1eb2, 1048577,
+    0x1eb4, 1048577,
+    0x1eb6, 1048577,
+    0x1eb8, 1048577,
+    0x1eba, 1048577,
+    0x1ebc, 1048577,
+    0x1ebe, 1048577,
+    0x1ec0, 1048577,
+    0x1ec2, 1048577,
+    0x1ec4, 1048577,
+    0x1ec6, 1048577,
+    0x1ec8, 1048577,
+    0x1eca, 1048577,
+    0x1ecc, 1048577,
+    0x1ece, 1048577,
+    0x1ed0, 1048577,
+    0x1ed2, 1048577,
+    0x1ed4, 1048577,
+    0x1ed6, 1048577,
+    0x1ed8, 1048577,
+    0x1eda, 1048577,
+    0x1edc, 1048577,
+    0x1ede, 1048577,
+    0x1ee0, 1048577,
+    0x1ee2, 1048577,
+    0x1ee4, 1048577,
+    0x1ee6, 1048577,
+    0x1ee8, 1048577,
+    0x1eea, 1048577,
+    0x1eec, 1048577,
+    0x1eee, 1048577,
+    0x1ef0, 1048577,
+    0x1ef2, 1048577,
+    0x1ef4, 1048577,
+    0x1ef6, 1048577,
+    0x1ef8, 1048577,
+    0x1efa, 1048577,
+    0x1efc, 1048577,
+    0x1efe, 1048577,
+    0x1f59, 1048568,
+    0x1f5b, 1048568,
+    0x1f5d, 1048568,
+    0x1f5f, 1048568,
+    0x1fbc, 1048567,
+    0x1fcc, 1048567,
+    0x1fec, 1048569,
+    0x1ffc, 1048567,
+    0x2126, 1041059,
+    0x212a, 1040193,
+    0x212b, 1040314,
+    0x2132, 1048604,
+    0x2183, 1048577,
+    0x2c60, 1048577,
+    0x2c62, 1037833,
+    0x2c63, 1044762,
+    0x2c64, 1037849,
+    0x2c67, 1048577,
+    0x2c69, 1048577,
+    0x2c6b, 1048577,
+    0x2c6d, 1037796,
+    0x2c6e, 1037827,
+    0x2c6f, 1037793,
+    0x2c70, 1037794,
+    0x2c72, 1048577,
+    0x2c75, 1048577,
+    0x2c80, 1048577,
+    0x2c82, 1048577,
+    0x2c84, 1048577,
+    0x2c86, 1048577,
+    0x2c88, 1048577,
+    0x2c8a, 1048577,
+    0x2c8c, 1048577,
+    0x2c8e, 1048577,
+    0x2c90, 1048577,
+    0x2c92, 1048577,
+    0x2c94, 1048577,
+    0x2c96, 1048577,
+    0x2c98, 1048577,
+    0x2c9a, 1048577,
+    0x2c9c, 1048577,
+    0x2c9e, 1048577,
+    0x2ca0, 1048577,
+    0x2ca2, 1048577,
+    0x2ca4, 1048577,
+    0x2ca6, 1048577,
+    0x2ca8, 1048577,
+    0x2caa, 1048577,
+    0x2cac, 1048577,
+    0x2cae, 1048577,
+    0x2cb0, 1048577,
+    0x2cb2, 1048577,
+    0x2cb4, 1048577,
+    0x2cb6, 1048577,
+    0x2cb8, 1048577,
+    0x2cba, 1048577,
+    0x2cbc, 1048577,
+    0x2cbe, 1048577,
+    0x2cc0, 1048577,
+    0x2cc2, 1048577,
+    0x2cc4, 1048577,
+    0x2cc6, 1048577,
+    0x2cc8, 1048577,
+    0x2cca, 1048577,
+    0x2ccc, 1048577,
+    0x2cce, 1048577,
+    0x2cd0, 1048577,
+    0x2cd2, 1048577,
+    0x2cd4, 1048577,
+    0x2cd6, 1048577,
+    0x2cd8, 1048577,
+    0x2cda, 1048577,
+    0x2cdc, 1048577,
+    0x2cde, 1048577,
+    0x2ce0, 1048577,
+    0x2ce2, 1048577,
+    0x2ceb, 1048577,
+    0x2ced, 1048577,
+    0x2cf2, 1048577,
+    0xa640, 1048577,
+    0xa642, 1048577,
+    0xa644, 1048577,
+    0xa646, 1048577,
+    0xa648, 1048577,
+    0xa64a, 1048577,
+    0xa64c, 1048577,
+    0xa64e, 1048577,
+    0xa650, 1048577,
+    0xa652, 1048577,
+    0xa654, 1048577,
+    0xa656, 1048577,
+    0xa658, 1048577,
+    0xa65a, 1048577,
+    0xa65c, 1048577,
+    0xa65e, 1048577,
+    0xa660, 1048577,
+    0xa662, 1048577,
+    0xa664, 1048577,
+    0xa666, 1048577,
+    0xa668, 1048577,
+    0xa66a, 1048577,
+    0xa66c, 1048577,
+    0xa680, 1048577,
+    0xa682, 1048577,
+    0xa684, 1048577,
+    0xa686, 1048577,
+    0xa688, 1048577,
+    0xa68a, 1048577,
+    0xa68c, 1048577,
+    0xa68e, 1048577,
+    0xa690, 1048577,
+    0xa692, 1048577,
+    0xa694, 1048577,
+    0xa696, 1048577,
+    0xa698, 1048577,
+    0xa69a, 1048577,
+    0xa722, 1048577,
+    0xa724, 1048577,
+    0xa726, 1048577,
+    0xa728, 1048577,
+    0xa72a, 1048577,
+    0xa72c, 1048577,
+    0xa72e, 1048577,
+    0xa732, 1048577,
+    0xa734, 1048577,
+    0xa736, 1048577,
+    0xa738, 1048577,
+    0xa73a, 1048577,
+    0xa73c, 1048577,
+    0xa73e, 1048577,
+    0xa740, 1048577,
+    0xa742, 1048577,
+    0xa744, 1048577,
+    0xa746, 1048577,
+    0xa748, 1048577,
+    0xa74a, 1048577,
+    0xa74c, 1048577,
+    0xa74e, 1048577,
+    0xa750, 1048577,
+    0xa752, 1048577,
+    0xa754, 1048577,
+    0xa756, 1048577,
+    0xa758, 1048577,
+    0xa75a, 1048577,
+    0xa75c, 1048577,
+    0xa75e, 1048577,
+    0xa760, 1048577,
+    0xa762, 1048577,
+    0xa764, 1048577,
+    0xa766, 1048577,
+    0xa768, 1048577,
+    0xa76a, 1048577,
+    0xa76c, 1048577,
+    0xa76e, 1048577,
+    0xa779, 1048577,
+    0xa77b, 1048577,
+    0xa77d, 1013244,
+    0xa77e, 1048577,
+    0xa780, 1048577,
+    0xa782, 1048577,
+    0xa784, 1048577,
+    0xa786, 1048577,
+    0xa78b, 1048577,
+    0xa78d, 1006296,
+    0xa790, 1048577,
+    0xa792, 1048577,
+    0xa796, 1048577,
+    0xa798, 1048577,
+    0xa79a, 1048577,
+    0xa79c, 1048577,
+    0xa79e, 1048577,
+    0xa7a0, 1048577,
+    0xa7a2, 1048577,
+    0xa7a4, 1048577,
+    0xa7a6, 1048577,
+    0xa7a8, 1048577,
+    0xa7aa, 1006268,
+    0xa7ab, 1006257,
+    0xa7ac, 1006261,
+    0xa7ad, 1006271,
+    0xa7b0, 1006318,
+    0xa7b1, 1006294,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+char32_t tolower(char32_t c) noexcept
+{
+    const char32_t* p;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, tolowerr, nelem (tolowerr) / 3, 3);
+
+    if (p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+        return c + p[2] - 1048576;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, tolowers, nelem (tolowers) / 2, 2);
+
+    if (p && c == p[0])
+        return c + p[1] - 1048576;
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t totitler[] = {
+    0x0061, 0x007a, 1048544,
+    0x00e0, 0x00f6, 1048544,
+    0x00f8, 0x00fe, 1048544,
+    0x023f, 0x0240, 1059391,
+    0x0256, 0x0257, 1048371,
+    0x028a, 0x028b, 1048359,
+    0x037b, 0x037d, 1048706,
+    0x03ad, 0x03af, 1048539,
+    0x03b1, 0x03c1, 1048544,
+    0x03c3, 0x03cb, 1048544,
+    0x03cd, 0x03ce, 1048513,
+    0x0430, 0x044f, 1048544,
+    0x0450, 0x045f, 1048496,
+    0x0561, 0x0586, 1048528,
+    0x1f00, 0x1f07, 1048584,
+    0x1f10, 0x1f15, 1048584,
+    0x1f20, 0x1f27, 1048584,
+    0x1f30, 0x1f37, 1048584,
+    0x1f40, 0x1f45, 1048584,
+    0x1f60, 0x1f67, 1048584,
+    0x1f70, 0x1f71, 1048650,
+    0x1f72, 0x1f75, 1048662,
+    0x1f76, 0x1f77, 1048676,
+    0x1f78, 0x1f79, 1048704,
+    0x1f7a, 0x1f7b, 1048688,
+    0x1f7c, 0x1f7d, 1048702,
+    0x1f80, 0x1f87, 1048584,
+    0x1f90, 0x1f97, 1048584,
+    0x1fa0, 0x1fa7, 1048584,
+    0x1fb0, 0x1fb1, 1048584,
+    0x1fd0, 0x1fd1, 1048584,
+    0x1fe0, 0x1fe1, 1048584,
+    0x2170, 0x217f, 1048560,
+    0x24d0, 0x24e9, 1048550,
+    0x2c30, 0x2c5e, 1048528,
+    0x2d00, 0x2d25, 1041312,
+    0xff41, 0xff5a, 1048544,
+    0x10428, 0x1044f, 1048536,
+    0x118c0, 0x118df, 1048544,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+namespace {
+
+const char32_t totitles[] = {
+    0x00b5, 1049319,
+    0x00ff, 1048697,
+    0x0101, 1048575,
+    0x0103, 1048575,
+    0x0105, 1048575,
+    0x0107, 1048575,
+    0x0109, 1048575,
+    0x010b, 1048575,
+    0x010d, 1048575,
+    0x010f, 1048575,
+    0x0111, 1048575,
+    0x0113, 1048575,
+    0x0115, 1048575,
+    0x0117, 1048575,
+    0x0119, 1048575,
+    0x011b, 1048575,
+    0x011d, 1048575,
+    0x011f, 1048575,
+    0x0121, 1048575,
+    0x0123, 1048575,
+    0x0125, 1048575,
+    0x0127, 1048575,
+    0x0129, 1048575,
+    0x012b, 1048575,
+    0x012d, 1048575,
+    0x012f, 1048575,
+    0x0131, 1048344,
+    0x0133, 1048575,
+    0x0135, 1048575,
+    0x0137, 1048575,
+    0x013a, 1048575,
+    0x013c, 1048575,
+    0x013e, 1048575,
+    0x0140, 1048575,
+    0x0142, 1048575,
+    0x0144, 1048575,
+    0x0146, 1048575,
+    0x0148, 1048575,
+    0x014b, 1048575,
+    0x014d, 1048575,
+    0x014f, 1048575,
+    0x0151, 1048575,
+    0x0153, 1048575,
+    0x0155, 1048575,
+    0x0157, 1048575,
+    0x0159, 1048575,
+    0x015b, 1048575,
+    0x015d, 1048575,
+    0x015f, 1048575,
+    0x0161, 1048575,
+    0x0163, 1048575,
+    0x0165, 1048575,
+    0x0167, 1048575,
+    0x0169, 1048575,
+    0x016b, 1048575,
+    0x016d, 1048575,
+    0x016f, 1048575,
+    0x0171, 1048575,
+    0x0173, 1048575,
+    0x0175, 1048575,
+    0x0177, 1048575,
+    0x017a, 1048575,
+    0x017c, 1048575,
+    0x017e, 1048575,
+    0x017f, 1048276,
+    0x0180, 1048771,
+    0x0183, 1048575,
+    0x0185, 1048575,
+    0x0188, 1048575,
+    0x018c, 1048575,
+    0x0192, 1048575,
+    0x0195, 1048673,
+    0x0199, 1048575,
+    0x019a, 1048739,
+    0x019e, 1048706,
+    0x01a1, 1048575,
+    0x01a3, 1048575,
+    0x01a5, 1048575,
+    0x01a8, 1048575,
+    0x01ad, 1048575,
+    0x01b0, 1048575,
+    0x01b4, 1048575,
+    0x01b6, 1048575,
+    0x01b9, 1048575,
+    0x01bd, 1048575,
+    0x01bf, 1048632,
+    0x01c4, 1048577,
+    0x01c6, 1048575,
+    0x01c7, 1048577,
+    0x01c9, 1048575,
+    0x01ca, 1048577,
+    0x01cc, 1048575,
+    0x01ce, 1048575,
+    0x01d0, 1048575,
+    0x01d2, 1048575,
+    0x01d4, 1048575,
+    0x01d6, 1048575,
+    0x01d8, 1048575,
+    0x01da, 1048575,
+    0x01dc, 1048575,
+    0x01dd, 1048497,
+    0x01df, 1048575,
+    0x01e1, 1048575,
+    0x01e3, 1048575,
+    0x01e5, 1048575,
+    0x01e7, 1048575,
+    0x01e9, 1048575,
+    0x01eb, 1048575,
+    0x01ed, 1048575,
+    0x01ef, 1048575,
+    0x01f1, 1048577,
+    0x01f3, 1048575,
+    0x01f5, 1048575,
+    0x01f9, 1048575,
+    0x01fb, 1048575,
+    0x01fd, 1048575,
+    0x01ff, 1048575,
+    0x0201, 1048575,
+    0x0203, 1048575,
+    0x0205, 1048575,
+    0x0207, 1048575,
+    0x0209, 1048575,
+    0x020b, 1048575,
+    0x020d, 1048575,
+    0x020f, 1048575,
+    0x0211, 1048575,
+    0x0213, 1048575,
+    0x0215, 1048575,
+    0x0217, 1048575,
+    0x0219, 1048575,
+    0x021b, 1048575,
+    0x021d, 1048575,
+    0x021f, 1048575,
+    0x0223, 1048575,
+    0x0225, 1048575,
+    0x0227, 1048575,
+    0x0229, 1048575,
+    0x022b, 1048575,
+    0x022d, 1048575,
+    0x022f, 1048575,
+    0x0231, 1048575,
+    0x0233, 1048575,
+    0x023c, 1048575,
+    0x0242, 1048575,
+    0x0247, 1048575,
+    0x0249, 1048575,
+    0x024b, 1048575,
+    0x024d, 1048575,
+    0x024f, 1048575,
+    0x0250, 1059359,
+    0x0251, 1059356,
+    0x0252, 1059358,
+    0x0253, 1048366,
+    0x0254, 1048370,
+    0x0259, 1048374,
+    0x025b, 1048373,
+    0x025c, 1090895,
+    0x0260, 1048371,
+    0x0261, 1090891,
+    0x0263, 1048369,
+    0x0265, 1090856,
+    0x0266, 1090884,
+    0x0268, 1048367,
+    0x0269, 1048365,
+    0x026b, 1059319,
+    0x026c, 1090881,
+    0x026f, 1048365,
+    0x0271, 1059325,
+    0x0272, 1048363,
+    0x0275, 1048362,
+    0x027d, 1059303,
+    0x0280, 1048358,
+    0x0283, 1048358,
+    0x0287, 1090858,
+    0x0288, 1048358,
+    0x0289, 1048507,
+    0x028c, 1048505,
+    0x0292, 1048357,
+    0x029e, 1090834,
+    0x0345, 1048660,
+    0x0371, 1048575,
+    0x0373, 1048575,
+    0x0377, 1048575,
+    0x03ac, 1048538,
+    0x03c2, 1048545,
+    0x03cc, 1048512,
+    0x03d0, 1048514,
+    0x03d1, 1048519,
+    0x03d5, 1048529,
+    0x03d6, 1048522,
+    0x03d7, 1048568,
+    0x03d9, 1048575,
+    0x03db, 1048575,
+    0x03dd, 1048575,
+    0x03df, 1048575,
+    0x03e1, 1048575,
+    0x03e3, 1048575,
+    0x03e5, 1048575,
+    0x03e7, 1048575,
+    0x03e9, 1048575,
+    0x03eb, 1048575,
+    0x03ed, 1048575,
+    0x03ef, 1048575,
+    0x03f0, 1048490,
+    0x03f1, 1048496,
+    0x03f2, 1048583,
+    0x03f3, 1048460,
+    0x03f5, 1048480,
+    0x03f8, 1048575,
+    0x03fb, 1048575,
+    0x0461, 1048575,
+    0x0463, 1048575,
+    0x0465, 1048575,
+    0x0467, 1048575,
+    0x0469, 1048575,
+    0x046b, 1048575,
+    0x046d, 1048575,
+    0x046f, 1048575,
+    0x0471, 1048575,
+    0x0473, 1048575,
+    0x0475, 1048575,
+    0x0477, 1048575,
+    0x0479, 1048575,
+    0x047b, 1048575,
+    0x047d, 1048575,
+    0x047f, 1048575,
+    0x0481, 1048575,
+    0x048b, 1048575,
+    0x048d, 1048575,
+    0x048f, 1048575,
+    0x0491, 1048575,
+    0x0493, 1048575,
+    0x0495, 1048575,
+    0x0497, 1048575,
+    0x0499, 1048575,
+    0x049b, 1048575,
+    0x049d, 1048575,
+    0x049f, 1048575,
+    0x04a1, 1048575,
+    0x04a3, 1048575,
+    0x04a5, 1048575,
+    0x04a7, 1048575,
+    0x04a9, 1048575,
+    0x04ab, 1048575,
+    0x04ad, 1048575,
+    0x04af, 1048575,
+    0x04b1, 1048575,
+    0x04b3, 1048575,
+    0x04b5, 1048575,
+    0x04b7, 1048575,
+    0x04b9, 1048575,
+    0x04bb, 1048575,
+    0x04bd, 1048575,
+    0x04bf, 1048575,
+    0x04c2, 1048575,
+    0x04c4, 1048575,
+    0x04c6, 1048575,
+    0x04c8, 1048575,
+    0x04ca, 1048575,
+    0x04cc, 1048575,
+    0x04ce, 1048575,
+    0x04cf, 1048561,
+    0x04d1, 1048575,
+    0x04d3, 1048575,
+    0x04d5, 1048575,
+    0x04d7, 1048575,
+    0x04d9, 1048575,
+    0x04db, 1048575,
+    0x04dd, 1048575,
+    0x04df, 1048575,
+    0x04e1, 1048575,
+    0x04e3, 1048575,
+    0x04e5, 1048575,
+    0x04e7, 1048575,
+    0x04e9, 1048575,
+    0x04eb, 1048575,
+    0x04ed, 1048575,
+    0x04ef, 1048575,
+    0x04f1, 1048575,
+    0x04f3, 1048575,
+    0x04f5, 1048575,
+    0x04f7, 1048575,
+    0x04f9, 1048575,
+    0x04fb, 1048575,
+    0x04fd, 1048575,
+    0x04ff, 1048575,
+    0x0501, 1048575,
+    0x0503, 1048575,
+    0x0505, 1048575,
+    0x0507, 1048575,
+    0x0509, 1048575,
+    0x050b, 1048575,
+    0x050d, 1048575,
+    0x050f, 1048575,
+    0x0511, 1048575,
+    0x0513, 1048575,
+    0x0515, 1048575,
+    0x0517, 1048575,
+    0x0519, 1048575,
+    0x051b, 1048575,
+    0x051d, 1048575,
+    0x051f, 1048575,
+    0x0521, 1048575,
+    0x0523, 1048575,
+    0x0525, 1048575,
+    0x0527, 1048575,
+    0x0529, 1048575,
+    0x052b, 1048575,
+    0x052d, 1048575,
+    0x052f, 1048575,
+    0x1d79, 1083908,
+    0x1d7d, 1052390,
+    0x1e01, 1048575,
+    0x1e03, 1048575,
+    0x1e05, 1048575,
+    0x1e07, 1048575,
+    0x1e09, 1048575,
+    0x1e0b, 1048575,
+    0x1e0d, 1048575,
+    0x1e0f, 1048575,
+    0x1e11, 1048575,
+    0x1e13, 1048575,
+    0x1e15, 1048575,
+    0x1e17, 1048575,
+    0x1e19, 1048575,
+    0x1e1b, 1048575,
+    0x1e1d, 1048575,
+    0x1e1f, 1048575,
+    0x1e21, 1048575,
+    0x1e23, 1048575,
+    0x1e25, 1048575,
+    0x1e27, 1048575,
+    0x1e29, 1048575,
+    0x1e2b, 1048575,
+    0x1e2d, 1048575,
+    0x1e2f, 1048575,
+    0x1e31, 1048575,
+    0x1e33, 1048575,
+    0x1e35, 1048575,
+    0x1e37, 1048575,
+    0x1e39, 1048575,
+    0x1e3b, 1048575,
+    0x1e3d, 1048575,
+    0x1e3f, 1048575,
+    0x1e41, 1048575,
+    0x1e43, 1048575,
+    0x1e45, 1048575,
+    0x1e47, 1048575,
+    0x1e49, 1048575,
+    0x1e4b, 1048575,
+    0x1e4d, 1048575,
+    0x1e4f, 1048575,
+    0x1e51, 1048575,
+    0x1e53, 1048575,
+    0x1e55, 1048575,
+    0x1e57, 1048575,
+    0x1e59, 1048575,
+    0x1e5b, 1048575,
+    0x1e5d, 1048575,
+    0x1e5f, 1048575,
+    0x1e61, 1048575,
+    0x1e63, 1048575,
+    0x1e65, 1048575,
+    0x1e67, 1048575,
+    0x1e69, 1048575,
+    0x1e6b, 1048575,
+    0x1e6d, 1048575,
+    0x1e6f, 1048575,
+    0x1e71, 1048575,
+    0x1e73, 1048575,
+    0x1e75, 1048575,
+    0x1e77, 1048575,
+    0x1e79, 1048575,
+    0x1e7b, 1048575,
+    0x1e7d, 1048575,
+    0x1e7f, 1048575,
+    0x1e81, 1048575,
+    0x1e83, 1048575,
+    0x1e85, 1048575,
+    0x1e87, 1048575,
+    0x1e89, 1048575,
+    0x1e8b, 1048575,
+    0x1e8d, 1048575,
+    0x1e8f, 1048575,
+    0x1e91, 1048575,
+    0x1e93, 1048575,
+    0x1e95, 1048575,
+    0x1e9b, 1048517,
+    0x1ea1, 1048575,
+    0x1ea3, 1048575,
+    0x1ea5, 1048575,
+    0x1ea7, 1048575,
+    0x1ea9, 1048575,
+    0x1eab, 1048575,
+    0x1ead, 1048575,
+    0x1eaf, 1048575,
+    0x1eb1, 1048575,
+    0x1eb3, 1048575,
+    0x1eb5, 1048575,
+    0x1eb7, 1048575,
+    0x1eb9, 1048575,
+    0x1ebb, 1048575,
+    0x1ebd, 1048575,
+    0x1ebf, 1048575,
+    0x1ec1, 1048575,
+    0x1ec3, 1048575,
+    0x1ec5, 1048575,
+    0x1ec7, 1048575,
+    0x1ec9, 1048575,
+    0x1ecb, 1048575,
+    0x1ecd, 1048575,
+    0x1ecf, 1048575,
+    0x1ed1, 1048575,
+    0x1ed3, 1048575,
+    0x1ed5, 1048575,
+    0x1ed7, 1048575,
+    0x1ed9, 1048575,
+    0x1edb, 1048575,
+    0x1edd, 1048575,
+    0x1edf, 1048575,
+    0x1ee1, 1048575,
+    0x1ee3, 1048575,
+    0x1ee5, 1048575,
+    0x1ee7, 1048575,
+    0x1ee9, 1048575,
+    0x1eeb, 1048575,
+    0x1eed, 1048575,
+    0x1eef, 1048575,
+    0x1ef1, 1048575,
+    0x1ef3, 1048575,
+    0x1ef5, 1048575,
+    0x1ef7, 1048575,
+    0x1ef9, 1048575,
+    0x1efb, 1048575,
+    0x1efd, 1048575,
+    0x1eff, 1048575,
+    0x1f51, 1048584,
+    0x1f53, 1048584,
+    0x1f55, 1048584,
+    0x1f57, 1048584,
+    0x1fb3, 1048585,
+    0x1fbe, 1041371,
+    0x1fc3, 1048585,
+    0x1fe5, 1048583,
+    0x1ff3, 1048585,
+    0x214e, 1048548,
+    0x2184, 1048575,
+    0x2c61, 1048575,
+    0x2c65, 1037781,
+    0x2c66, 1037784,
+    0x2c68, 1048575,
+    0x2c6a, 1048575,
+    0x2c6c, 1048575,
+    0x2c73, 1048575,
+    0x2c76, 1048575,
+    0x2c81, 1048575,
+    0x2c83, 1048575,
+    0x2c85, 1048575,
+    0x2c87, 1048575,
+    0x2c89, 1048575,
+    0x2c8b, 1048575,
+    0x2c8d, 1048575,
+    0x2c8f, 1048575,
+    0x2c91, 1048575,
+    0x2c93, 1048575,
+    0x2c95, 1048575,
+    0x2c97, 1048575,
+    0x2c99, 1048575,
+    0x2c9b, 1048575,
+    0x2c9d, 1048575,
+    0x2c9f, 1048575,
+    0x2ca1, 1048575,
+    0x2ca3, 1048575,
+    0x2ca5, 1048575,
+    0x2ca7, 1048575,
+    0x2ca9, 1048575,
+    0x2cab, 1048575,
+    0x2cad, 1048575,
+    0x2caf, 1048575,
+    0x2cb1, 1048575,
+    0x2cb3, 1048575,
+    0x2cb5, 1048575,
+    0x2cb7, 1048575,
+    0x2cb9, 1048575,
+    0x2cbb, 1048575,
+    0x2cbd, 1048575,
+    0x2cbf, 1048575,
+    0x2cc1, 1048575,
+    0x2cc3, 1048575,
+    0x2cc5, 1048575,
+    0x2cc7, 1048575,
+    0x2cc9, 1048575,
+    0x2ccb, 1048575,
+    0x2ccd, 1048575,
+    0x2ccf, 1048575,
+    0x2cd1, 1048575,
+    0x2cd3, 1048575,
+    0x2cd5, 1048575,
+    0x2cd7, 1048575,
+    0x2cd9, 1048575,
+    0x2cdb, 1048575,
+    0x2cdd, 1048575,
+    0x2cdf, 1048575,
+    0x2ce1, 1048575,
+    0x2ce3, 1048575,
+    0x2cec, 1048575,
+    0x2cee, 1048575,
+    0x2cf3, 1048575,
+    0x2d27, 1041312,
+    0x2d2d, 1041312,
+    0xa641, 1048575,
+    0xa643, 1048575,
+    0xa645, 1048575,
+    0xa647, 1048575,
+    0xa649, 1048575,
+    0xa64b, 1048575,
+    0xa64d, 1048575,
+    0xa64f, 1048575,
+    0xa651, 1048575,
+    0xa653, 1048575,
+    0xa655, 1048575,
+    0xa657, 1048575,
+    0xa659, 1048575,
+    0xa65b, 1048575,
+    0xa65d, 1048575,
+    0xa65f, 1048575,
+    0xa661, 1048575,
+    0xa663, 1048575,
+    0xa665, 1048575,
+    0xa667, 1048575,
+    0xa669, 1048575,
+    0xa66b, 1048575,
+    0xa66d, 1048575,
+    0xa681, 1048575,
+    0xa683, 1048575,
+    0xa685, 1048575,
+    0xa687, 1048575,
+    0xa689, 1048575,
+    0xa68b, 1048575,
+    0xa68d, 1048575,
+    0xa68f, 1048575,
+    0xa691, 1048575,
+    0xa693, 1048575,
+    0xa695, 1048575,
+    0xa697, 1048575,
+    0xa699, 1048575,
+    0xa69b, 1048575,
+    0xa723, 1048575,
+    0xa725, 1048575,
+    0xa727, 1048575,
+    0xa729, 1048575,
+    0xa72b, 1048575,
+    0xa72d, 1048575,
+    0xa72f, 1048575,
+    0xa733, 1048575,
+    0xa735, 1048575,
+    0xa737, 1048575,
+    0xa739, 1048575,
+    0xa73b, 1048575,
+    0xa73d, 1048575,
+    0xa73f, 1048575,
+    0xa741, 1048575,
+    0xa743, 1048575,
+    0xa745, 1048575,
+    0xa747, 1048575,
+    0xa749, 1048575,
+    0xa74b, 1048575,
+    0xa74d, 1048575,
+    0xa74f, 1048575,
+    0xa751, 1048575,
+    0xa753, 1048575,
+    0xa755, 1048575,
+    0xa757, 1048575,
+    0xa759, 1048575,
+    0xa75b, 1048575,
+    0xa75d, 1048575,
+    0xa75f, 1048575,
+    0xa761, 1048575,
+    0xa763, 1048575,
+    0xa765, 1048575,
+    0xa767, 1048575,
+    0xa769, 1048575,
+    0xa76b, 1048575,
+    0xa76d, 1048575,
+    0xa76f, 1048575,
+    0xa77a, 1048575,
+    0xa77c, 1048575,
+    0xa77f, 1048575,
+    0xa781, 1048575,
+    0xa783, 1048575,
+    0xa785, 1048575,
+    0xa787, 1048575,
+    0xa78c, 1048575,
+    0xa791, 1048575,
+    0xa793, 1048575,
+    0xa797, 1048575,
+    0xa799, 1048575,
+    0xa79b, 1048575,
+    0xa79d, 1048575,
+    0xa79f, 1048575,
+    0xa7a1, 1048575,
+    0xa7a3, 1048575,
+    0xa7a5, 1048575,
+    0xa7a7, 1048575,
+    0xa7a9, 1048575,
+};
+
+} // !namespace
+
+char32_t totitle(char32_t c) noexcept
+{
+    const char32_t* p;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, totitler, nelem (totitler) / 3, 3);
+
+    if (p && c >= p[0] && c <= p[1])
+        return c + p[2] - 1048576;
+
+    p = rbsearch(c, totitles, nelem (totitles) / 2, 2);
+
+    if (p && c == p[0])
+        return c + p[1] - 1048576;
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+void encode(char32_t c, char res[5]) noexcept
+{
+    switch (nbytes_point(c)) {
+    case 1:
+        res[0] = static_cast<char>(c);
+        res[1] = '\0';
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        res[0] = 0xC0 | ((c >> 6)  & 0x1F);
+        res[1] = 0x80 | (c & 0x3F);
+        res[2] = '\0';
+        break;
+    case 3:
+        res[0] = 0xE0 | ((c >> 12) & 0xF );
+        res[1] = 0x80 | ((c >> 6)  & 0x3F);
+        res[2] = 0x80 | (c & 0x3F);
+        res[3] = '\0';
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        res[0] = 0xF0 | ((c >> 18) & 0x7 );
+        res[1] = 0x80 | ((c >> 12) & 0x3F);
+        res[2] = 0x80 | ((c >> 6)  & 0x3F);
+        res[3] = 0x80 | (c & 0x3F);
+        res[4] = '\0';
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+void decode(char32_t& c, const char* res) noexcept
+{
+    c = 0;
+
+    switch (nbytes_utf8(res[0])) {
+    case 1:
+        c = res[0];
+        break;
+    case 2:
+        c =  (res[0] & 0x1f) << 6;
+        c |= (res[1] & 0x3f);
+        break;
+    case 3:
+        c =  (res[0] & 0x0f) << 12;
+        c |= (res[1] & 0x3f) << 6;
+        c |= (res[2] & 0x3f);
+        break;
+    case 4:
+        c =  (res[0] & 0x07) << 16;
+        c |= (res[1] & 0x3f) << 12;
+        c |= (res[2] & 0x3f) << 6;
+        c |= (res[3] & 0x3f);
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+int nbytes_utf8(char c) noexcept
+{
+    if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) <= 127)
+        return 1;
+    if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0)
+        return 2;
+    if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0)
+        return 3;
+    if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0)
+        return 4;
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int nbytes_point(char32_t c) noexcept
+{
+    if (c <= 0x7F)
+        return 1;
+    if (c <= 0x7FF)
+        return 2;
+    if (c <= 0xFFFF)
+        return 3;
+    if (c <= 0x1FFFFF)
+        return 4;
+
+    return -1;
+}
+
+unsigned length(const std::string& str)
+{
+    unsigned total = 0;
+
+    for_each(str, [&] (char32_t) {
+        ++ total;
+    });
+
+    return total;
+}
+
+std::string to_utf8(const std::u32string& array)
+{
+    std::string res;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < array.size(); ++i) {
+        char tmp[5];
+        int size = nbytes_point(array[i]);
+
+        if (size < 0)
+            throw std::invalid_argument("invalid sequence");
+
+        encode(array[i], tmp);
+        res.insert(res.length(), tmp);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+std::u32string to_utf32(const std::string& str)
+{
+    std::u32string res;
+
+    for_each(str, [&] (char32_t code) {
+        res.push_back(code);
+    });
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+} // !unicode
+
+} // !mlk