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dns/avahi: create /var/run/avahi in init script
author David Demelier <markand@malikania.fr>
date Tue, 24 Sep 2019 21:11:00 +0000
parents 477457540aa0
children 8d2032c88258
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1 Getting started
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2 ===============
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3
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4 This documentation explains how to write a package file from scratch.
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5
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6 Synopsis
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7 ========
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8
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9 Each package lives under a dedicated directory broken down into several
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10 categories. A package consists of the following files:
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11
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12 - NAME.sh: a pure POSIX shell that process the build and contains some
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13 metadata required for installation.
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14 - NAME.sha1: contains the checksums for individual source files (Optional).
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15 - NAME-post.sh: a script to be executed before/after the installation
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16 (Optional).
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17
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18 In the listing above, replace NAME with the actual package name. For example the
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19 package *zlib* contains the following files:
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20
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21 - compression/zlib/zlib.sh
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22 - compression/zlib/zlib.sha1
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23
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24 The build script
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25 ================
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26
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27 The build script (NAME.sh) is a pure POSIX shell that defines various
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28 information about the package and how to build it. To be included within the
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29 official Vanilla Linux repository it must be licensed under the terms of the ISC
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30 license.
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31
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32 Several templates are already available for most build systems in the Templates
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33 directory.
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34
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35 Metadata
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36 --------
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37
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38 A package requires several information to be installed, the following variables
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39 must be present:
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40
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41 - PKGNAME: the package name (same as the directory).
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42 - PKGVERSION: the package upstream version.
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43 - PKGREVISION: the initial revision (starts at 1).
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44 - PKGLICENSE: a space separated list of licenses (see licenses.md file).
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45 - PKGSUMMARY: a short summary.
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46
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47 The following variables are optional
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48
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49 - PKGDEPENDS: a space separated list of packages required to build (see below).
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50 - PKGDOWNLOAD: a space separated list of files to download from the web, if the
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51 package does not need to download anything don't set it.
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52 - PKGUIDS: a space separated list of uid to create (see below)
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53 - PKGGIDS: a space separated list of gid to create (see below)
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54 - PKGPROTECT: a space separated list of relative path to files to preserve on
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55 installation (e.g. etc/nginx/nginx.conf)
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56 - PKGOPTIONS: a space separated list of CAPITALIZED options.
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57
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58 Build
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59 -----
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60
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61 To build the package, you need to define a build function that install the
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62 package into the $DESTDIR variable.
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63
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64 Usually, the build function does:
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65
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66 1. Clean the build directory in case the previous build failed.
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67 2. Extract distribution files.
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68 3. Process build and installs into $DESTDIR.
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69 4. Clean up again the build directory.
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70
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71 Package naming
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72 ==============
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73
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74 The following prefixes must be used for those packages:
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75
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76 - py-: for python modules.
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77 - py2-: for python modules (only for exceptional cases).
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78 - ruby-: for native ruby modules.
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79 - rubygem-: for rubygems modules.
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80 - p5-: for perl 5 modules.
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81 - hs-: for haskell modules.
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82 - font-: for fonts (of any kind).
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83
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84 When a package is available with different versions (e.g. Gtk, Qt) we add the
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85 major number as suffix to the PKGNAME to *old* versions. Example, if Qt 5 is the
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86 current major version and Qt 4 is also shipped then, the package *qt* refers to
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87 version 5 while *qt4* to version 4.
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88
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89 Handling dependencies
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90 =====================
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91
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92 Add any dependencies the packages requires in *PKGDEPENDS* variable.
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93
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94 Also, the following selectors may be appended to the dependency to alter the
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95 meaning:
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96
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97 - `:build` the dependency is only required for building,
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98 - `:optional` the dependency is optional and not strictly required.
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99
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100 Example:
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101
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102 PKGDEPENDS="cmake:build qt5:optional zlib"
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103
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104 The following dependencies are implicit and must *never* be marked in
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105 *PKGDEPENDS*:
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106
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107 - autoconf
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108 - automake
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109 - busybox
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110 - clang
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111 - compiler-rt
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112 - etc
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113 - filesystem
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114 - libc++
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115 - libc++abi
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116 - libtool (except linked to it)
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117 - libunwind
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118 - lld
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119 - musl
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120 - pkgconf
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121
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122 Protected files
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123 ===============
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124
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125 Configuration files (usually everything under /etc) must be marked as well in
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126 *PKGPROTECT* variables. This prevents `vpk` for overriding user configurations.
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127
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128 Note: if the package ships a init script file, it must be marked as well.
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129
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130 Example:
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131
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132 PKGPROTECT="etc/nginx.conf etc/rc.d/nginx"
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133
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134 In this case, `vpk` will rename the file to *etc/nginx.conf.vpk* and
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135 */etc/rc.d/nginx.vpk* in the archive and only be renamed if they are not present
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136 on the disk or not manually modified.
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137
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138 Uids / Gids
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139 ===========
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140
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141 If the package requires UNIX users and groups, adapt the *PKGUIDS* and *PKGGIDS*
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142 variables as a space separated list. You can assign a default numeric id using
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143 the syntax `:number`.
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144
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145 Example:
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146
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147 PKGUIDS="messagebus" # vpk will assign an id
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148 PKGUIDS="gdm:55" # vpk will use 55
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149
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150 Warning: if you need to change file permissions, do it *ONLY* in a post install
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151 script as users may have set different numeric id than the package defaults.
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152
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153 Once you need a new UID/GID, edit the file UIDS.md in this directory as well.
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154
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155 Options
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156 =======
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157
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158 If the package offer build options, edit the *PKGOPTIONS* variable and always
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159 add default values that match upstream if possible. Boolean options must always
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160 be considered as *yes* or *no*. If an option requires a list, use a space
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161 separated list of values.
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162
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163 Example:
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164
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165 PKGOPTIONS="NLS DRIVERS"
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166
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167 : ${NLS:=yes}
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168 : ${DRIVERS:=amd intel}
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169
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170 if [ "$NLS" = "yes" ]; then
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171 PKGDEPENDS="core/gettext $PKGDEPENDS"
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172 with_nls="--enable-nls"
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173 else
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174 with_nls="--disable-nls"
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175 fi
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176
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177 Then at configure step:
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178
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179 ./configure $with_nls
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180
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181 Proper handling of options is done by explicitly disabling/enabling options.
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182 Most programs will try to enable/disable features depending on what is available
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183 on the system thus, if the package finds a dependency and enable it you need to
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184 adapt *PKGDEPENDS*. Always check what options are available in the package and
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185 use their default as explicit knobs to avoid invisible dependencies.
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186
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187 See the file options.md for predefined options and proper naming.
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188
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189 Paths
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190 =====
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191
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192 The package must ensure appropriate directories for installing files. This
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193 includes:
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194
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195 - /etc/rc.d: for service files,
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196 - /lib/pkgconfig: for .pc files,
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197 - /lib/cmake: for CMake config files,
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198 - /lib: for libraries (no lib64 suffix),
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199 - /share/PKGNAME: data directory (if applicable),
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200 - /share/locale: for NLS files,
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201 - /share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}: for man pages (in uncompressed form),
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202 - /share/doc/PKGNAME (exact directory, no version): arbitrary documentation.
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203
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204 Keep neutral
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205 ============
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206
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207 Do not make any modifications to the package. Keep it as close to upstream as
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208 possible. Only minor tweaks are allowed including:
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209
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210 - adjusting pid/uid/gid in a default configuration file for easier deployment
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211 (but not on the original file example),
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212 - making sure paths are consolidated,
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213 - making sure system libraries are used rather than in-source bundles,
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214 - replacing PAM files (see below).
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215
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216 PAM files
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217 =========
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218
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219 The PAM system is an flexible and well designed authentication tool, it has a
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220 large number of modules and configuration settings. This complexity leads to
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221 inconsistent upstream PAM files that are not always compatible with the default
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222 Vanilla Linux generic's files, therefore you *must* always replace the provided
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223 PAM files with custom alternatives and sane defaults. In general, LFS is a good
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224 recommandation regarding PAM files.
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225
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226 Also, don't forget to add PAM files to the *PKGPROTECT* variable as they are
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227 meant to be edited by the system administrator.
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228
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229 Patches
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230 =======
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231
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232 If a software requires patching, always try to see if there is already an
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233 upstream patch that fixes the issue. If not, you may check how other Linux
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234 distributions fix the problem with a local workaround.
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235
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236 Then, please consider sending the patch to the upstream if applicable.
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237
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238 Patches must be named in the form *patch-category.patch*. We encourage old style
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239 of patches that you usually create by editing the file and comparing with the
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240 original one.
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241
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242 Example:
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243
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244 cp Makefile.orig Makefile
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245 vim Makefile
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246 diff -ub Makefile.orig Makefile > patch-musl.patch
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247
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248 Warning: by default busybox patch is used and is much stricter than standalone
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249 counterpart, in doubt always try to apply the patch manually with
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250 busybox patch and edit if required.
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251
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252 The following names are recommended depending on the situation:
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253
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254 - patch-fhs.patch: when a patch is required to adapt installation/usage to the
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255 Vanilla Linux file system hierarchy,
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256 - patch-musl.patch: when the code assume a glibc specific code,
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257 - patch-clang.patch: when the code does not compile with LLVM/Clang. Make sure
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258 the patch does not break GCC, if it does apply the patch in a conditional.
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259
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260 Also, do not create a patch for individual files if they all belong to the same
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261 category. For example, if several source files require patching to build against
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262 musl, use only one *patch-musl.patch* file.
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263
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264 Services
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265 ========
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266
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267 Services files must be installed in /etc/rc.d in the mode 0644.
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268
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269 Example:
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270
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271 install -Dm0644 food $DESTDIR/etc/rc.d/food
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272
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273 The script must at least support start, stop and restart.
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274
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275 UX style
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276 --------
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277
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278 You must use the following conventions regarding messages the service will
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279 print.
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280
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281 ### start (required)
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282
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283 Always add arguments with the invocation.
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284
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285 Starting foo: /bin/foo -d
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286
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287 If the service is already running, show:
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288
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289 foo is already running with pid: 1234
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290
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291 ### stop (required)
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292
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293 If the service is not running, don't write any message. Otherwise write:
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294
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295 Stopping foo.
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296
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297 ### restart (required)
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298
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299 Basically, this command just calls stop and start.
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300
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301 Stopping foo.
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302 Starting foo: /bin/foo -d
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303
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304 ### status (recommended)
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305
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306 Depending on the status, write the following messages.
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307
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308 foo is running with pid: 1234
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309 foo is not running
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310
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311 ### usage (required)
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312
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313 If the script is invoked with invalid arguments or none, write the usage like
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314 this through stderr and exit 1. Also keep all subcommands sorted.
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315
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316 usage: foo restart|start|status|stop
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317
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318 If your script may support additional operations, messages and usage are up to
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319 the maintainer discretion.
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320
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321 See also the template file in Templates/rc.
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322
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323 Libtool files
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324 =============
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325
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326 Do not ship libtool files.
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327
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328 Manual pages
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329 ============
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330
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331 Do never install compressed manual pages. The `vpk` tool performs automatic
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332 compression on installation depending on the user setting. Check how to disable
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333 compression in the package or decompress them after installation in the
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334 destination directory.
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335
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336 Post install scripts
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337 ====================
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338
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339 If you need to perform some custom steps after the installation of the binary
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340 package in the target systems, you may create the NAME-post.sh script. This
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341 script must be written also in pure POSIX shell language.
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342
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343 As unique argument, `vpk` will provide one of these to the post script:
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344
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345 - pre-install: before the extraction of the package.
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346 - post-install: after the extraction of the package.
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347 - pre-uninstall: before removing the package.
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348 - post-uninstall: after the removal of the package.
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349
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350 Note: if the package wants to call a binary from an other package, it is usually
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351 a good idea to check it's presence first.
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352
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353 Example:
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354
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355 #!/bin/sh
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356
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357 if [ -x /bin/gtk-update-icon-cache ]; then
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358 gtk-update-icon-cache -vf /share/icons/hicolor
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359 fi
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360
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361 Desktop files
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362 =============
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363
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364 We usually never add .desktop files for any package that doesn't provide one by
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365 itself. This also includes terminal based applications.
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366
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367 If a .desktop is provided by the package, make sure though that it is valid and
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368 specifies the appropriate category (i.e. it does not appear in multiple menus at
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369 once).
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370
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371 See [desktop entry specification][] for more information.
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372
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373 [desktop entry specification]: https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest